云南省主体功能区综合交通运输网络建设对区域可达性影响

云南省地处我国西南边疆,随着经济的发展,交通可达性正逐渐成为该省经济发展的“瓶颈”。从可达性的概念入手,分析了目前云南省交通运输网络建设的空间格局及各类主体功区内存在的主要问题,针对各类功能区内交通运输结构中存在的问题给出了合理化建议,以期提高云南省交通的可达性。     

云南省优化开发区产业结构优化初探

优化产业结构对区域可持续发展,以及区域竞争力的提升具有重要意义。为保证区域经济又好又快的增长,优化产业结构是其关键。针对云南省优化开发区中的产业结构现状进行分析说明,指出其中的不合理之处,最后给出优化产业结构和进行产业结构内部调整的可行性建议。     

Uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Trifolium pretense L. from water in the presence of a nonionic surfactant

A greenhouse study examined plant uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene, as representatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), from an aqueous solution containing a nonionic surfactant Tween 80. The uptake was conducted with 1.0 mg l(-1) phenanthrene and 0.12 mg l(-1) pyrene under a wide range of Tween 80 concentrations (0-105.6 mg l(-1)). Tween 80 at the test concentrations did not show any apparent phytotoxity toward the growth of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.). At concentrations generally lower than 13.2 mg l(-1), Tween 80 enhanced the plant uptake based on the concentrations and PCFs (plant concentration factors) of these two PAHs. When present at higher concentrations, Tween 80 inhibited the uptake of both PAH compounds by the tested plant. The maximal plant uptake was observed at 6.6 mg l(-1) Tween 80, in which PAH concentrations and PCFs were 18-115% higher than those in Tween 80-free controls. The total mass removal (off-take) of phenanthrene and pyrene by root or shoot increased initially and decreased thereafter with the increase in Tween 80 concentrations. Although shoot biomass was evidently larger than root, the off-take was much higher in root than shoot because of the larger root concentrations of these chemicals. Results from this study show promises for the potential efficacy of enhanced phytoremediation in PAH contaminated sites using surfactant amendment.     

Application of microwave irradiation in the removal of polychlorinated biphenyls from soil contaminated by capacitor oil

The applicability of microwave irradiation in the removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the soil heavily contaminated by capacitor oil was studied. Granular activated carbon (GAC) was added into the soil as a microwave-absorbing material to rapidly increase the temperature of the reaction system. Effects of sodium hypophosphite (SHP) and iron powder (IP) as reductants on PCB removal, as well as the effects of water content in soil, microwave power and the amount of GAC added were investigated. The results indicated that in the presence of SHP and GAC, about 80% of PCBs in soil were effectively removed by 10 min microwave irradiation, and the further addition of IP could raise the average removal efficiency to a higher level, more than 95%. In the removal of PCBs with the microwave/GAC/IP/SHP system, an appropriate amount of water proved to be helpful in promoting the removal of PCBs from soil by steam distillation and in acting as a co-solvent of SHP and H-donor of IP.     

有机污染土壤通风去污技术优化设计

有机污染土壤通风去污技术（SVE）是一种经济,安全的场内治理技术,SVE优化设计包括建立污染土壤通风去污模型和抽排去污流场模型,并以此为基础算工程费用,用一虚拟工况对提出的模型及计算公式进行了验证。     

防灾工程项目评估的基本问题

在分析防灾工作项目特点的项目上,提出了防灾工程项目评估的基本原则,对并防灾工程项目效益和费用的确认与计量问题进行讨论,为进一步研究防灾工程项目评估理论和方法奠定了基础。     

爆破对璐简王陵古建筑群的震害影响

璐简王陵及其古建筑群已有400余年的历史,虽然数次毁于兵燹,但至今仍然保存有大量完整的建筑物,然而,方面军些陵墓及建筑物近期却出现了数十处开裂、崩塌和倾斜等破坏,经过认真的野外勘察、分析和研究,认为破坏不是地震缝和断层活动所致,而是与凤凰山、峙山采石场持续不断的近距离爆破震动有关,经鉴定,大爆破造成的破坏烈度可达Ⅳ-Ⅴ度,每次大爆破都相当于一次地震,采石爆破给璐简王陵和古建筑带来了致命的影响和破坏。     

絮凝基因的克隆及其絮凝机理分析

分离到1株具有强絮凝特性的芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp. F2,絮凝率达84%,并构建絮凝基因组文库.以絮凝菌F2为实验材料,提取基因组总DNA,经限制性内切酶Sau3AI部分酶切后,与用限制性内切酶BamHI完全酶切的载体PUC19DNA连接,并转化到感受态细胞JM109中.然后将其涂布于含氨苄青霉素的LB培养基上,过夜培养后,经蓝白斑筛选,构建了絮凝基因组文库,该文库包含3.5×10⁴个重组子,经测定文库滴度为3.5×10⁵　pfu/mL.从文库中筛选而获得1株表达絮凝活性的大肠杆菌阳性克隆子FC2.序列分析得出该克隆序列为新的絮凝基因.絮凝试验测定FC2的絮凝率为90%,稍高于原絮凝菌F2,高于受体菌JM109(6.9%).红外光谱分析证明FC2的絮凝有效成分与F2一致,说明FC2絮凝性状遗传于原絮凝菌F2.采用轻敲模式下的原子力显微镜成像技术、Zeta(ξ)电位测定对加入絮凝剂FC2与加入絮凝剂F2、不加入絮凝剂的絮凝微观形貌进行了测定.原子力显微成像显示,加入克隆菌FC2发酵液的高岭土悬浮液(5‰的高岭土水溶液)形成的絮凝体出现较大而且紧密的球形颗粒结构,且表面积粗糙,凹凸程度大,具有大的比表面积和吸附液体悬浮颗粒的能力.向高岭土悬浮液中加入克隆菌FC2发酵液后,絮凝颗粒由不定形且松散的结构转变为密集分布、水平尺寸均匀的球形结构,表明克隆菌FC2发酵液中的凝集素容易以高岭土悬浮颗粒为中心吸附在其表面,而且絮凝试验中絮凝率达90%,从更直观上进一步证实了克隆菌FC2发酵液的除污染效能.Zeta(ξ)电位测定结果表明,离子键作用强度不同,致使絮凝形态存在着差异,为研究生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理提供了有力的依据.     

负载型TiO2催化臭氧化去除腐殖酸的实验研究

以实验室自制的负载型TiO2为催化剂,研究了其对水中溶解性腐殖酸的催化臭氧化效能。结果表明负载型TiO2对臭氧化去除溶解性腐殖酸有明显的催化作用,反应25min,对腐殖酸的去除率可达到86.8%,较单独臭氧化提高了28.8%;通过Na2CO3对催化反应的影响间接推断TiO2催化臭氧化反应遵循自由基反应的原理;实验最佳条件为:催化剂涂膜层数6层、焙烧温度700℃、溶液pH=10、放电电流0.4A、反应溶液初始浓度10mg/L;催化剂重复使用8次后,其催化活性变化较小,溶液中无钛离子溶出。