Arsenic and chromate removal from water by iron chips-Effects of anions

The purpose of this study is to estimate the removal efficiency of As and Cr (VI) by one kind of industrial waste — iron chips, as well as to estimate the effects of typical inorganic anions (sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate), and typical organic anions (citrate, oxalate, and humate) on As or Cr (VI) removal. The results showed that 98% of As (V) and 92% of As (III) could be removed from aqueous phase by the iron chips within 60 min. Compared with As species, Cr (VI) was removed much more rapidly and efficiently with 97% of Cr (VI) being removed within 25 min. The removal efficiency for arsenic was in the order: As (III) (sulfate), As (III) (nitrate) or As (III), As (III) (humate), As (III) (oxalate), As (III) (citrate), As (III) (phosphate), and for chromate was in the order: Cr (VI) (sulfate), Cr (VI) (phosphate) or Cr (VI) (nitrate) or Cr (VI) (oxalate), Cr (VI), Cr (VI) (citrate), Cr (VI) (humate). In all the treatments, pH level increased with time except for As (III), the removal of which was either without anions or in the presence of humate or nitrate.     

高选择性基因工程菌E.coli SE5000生物富集水体中的镍离子

利用基因工程菌E．coli SE5000对水体中的镍离子进行富集研究．菌体细胞对Ni^2 的富集速率很快,富集过程满足Langmuir等温线模型．经基因改造的基因工程菌不仅最大镍富集容量与原始宿主菌相比增加了4倍多,而且对pH值的变化呈现出更强的适应性．对离子强度及其它共存重金属离子的影响的实验结果表明：Na^ ,Ca^2 ,Cd^2 ,Pb^2 的影响较小,但Mg^2 ,Hg^2 ,Cr^3 和Cu^2 所引起的负面效应较大．金属螯合剂EDTA的存在对基因工程菌的富集行为影响很大．     

裂纹梁损伤识别的一种新型方法

在能量有限元法研究基础上,提出了基于能量密度的结构损伤识别方法。以工程结构基本构件梁为研究对象,以能量密度突变作为损伤识别指标,对损伤结构进行了仿真;在此基础上,对结构损伤中最常见的形式——裂纹进行损伤识别试验。结果表明基于能量密度的损伤识别方法适用于中高频场合,具有对结构微小缺陷敏感、操作简便、精确度高、无需复杂数据处理等优点,有较高的工程应用价值。     

中国地区二次有机气溶胶的时空分布特征和来源分析

二次有机气溶胶(SOA)由于其在大气污染、气候变化与人体健康方面的影响,是我国大气环境中一种重要的污染物.确定中国SOA分布规律以及产生来源是大气污染防治的前提.利用全球化学传输模型(Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers,Version 4,MOZART4)并集成多相SOA参数化方案,模拟了中国地区SOA的时空分布,并按前体物分区域进行了来源分析.结果表明,受SOA前体物排放分布的影响,中国地区的SOA主要分布在东部和南部地区,并且夏季SOA产量是冬季产量的2.5倍.中国地区分布的SOA由人为源排放产生占55%,高于自然源(45%);并且境内排放贡献了我国SOA产量的77%,主要影响东部近地面大气的浓度分布.境外排放主要影响我国西部地区,尤其是对高空SOA分布影响显著.     

商陆和烟草对锰胁迫的抗氧化响应研究

研究植物的重金属累积能力对于植物修复和植物冶金意义重大.Mn超累积植物商陆(Phytolacca americana L.)的耐性/累积机制至今还不清楚,为了研究商陆在Mn胁迫下的抗氧化酶作用,将萌发6周的商陆和烟草幼苗分别放入1 mmol·L~(-1)或3 mmol·L~(-1)的1/2 Hoagland营养液处理4 d,实验表明商陆叶片光合速率降低幅度显著低于烟草,而烟草MDA含量和电解质渗漏量增加幅度大于商陆.如1 mmol·L~(-1) Mn处理4 d后,与对照相比,商陆和烟草的光合速率分别降低13.3%和75.5%;烟草MDA含量和电解质渗漏量分别增加347.3%和120.1%,而商陆的MDA含量和电解质渗漏量没有明显增加,表明Mn胁迫对超累积植物引起的氧化损伤明显低于非累积植物.随着Mn处理浓度的提高和时间的延长,2种植物叶片SOD和POD活性均迅速增加,其中商陆SOD活性的增加幅度大于烟草;另外,商陆CAT活性持续上升,而烟草CAT活性显著下降.如在1 mmol·L~(-1) Mn处理下,商陆SOD、POD和CAT活性分别提高161.1%、 111.3%和17.5%;烟草SOD和POD提高55.5%和206.0%,而CAT下降15.6%,表明商陆的抗氧化酶,特别是CAT,能够有效地清除Mn毒产生的自由基.这些结果说明抗氧化酶的抗氧化能力是重金属累积植物商陆的Mn耐性机制之一.     

Production of a newly isolated Paenibacillus polymyxa biocontrol agent using monosodium glutamate wastewater and potato wastewater

A phyllosphere bacterial strain EBL-06 was isolated from wheat leaves. The morphology, cultural characteristics, phospholipid fatty acids, physiological and antagonistic fungus activities of this strain were investigated. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with the published 16S rDNA sequences of the relevant bacteria. The results showed that the isolate EBL-06 was a strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa; this strain performed a high level of antagonistic fungus activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Fusarium spp. The isolate EBL-06 can grow well using monosodium glutamate wastewater (MGW) and potato wastewater (PW) as culture medium. The maximum yield of 6.5 × 10 9 CFU/mL of the isolate EBL-06 anti-fungus biocontrol agent was reached in 15 hr cultivation at 28°C, pH 6.0–7.5 using the mixture of MGW and PW (1:9).     

兰州冬季大气污染来源分析

利用WRF(天气研究与预报模式)输出的高分辨率气象数据驱动HYSPLIT_4.9(混合单粒子拉格朗日轨迹模式),结合PSCF(潜在源贡献因子)和CWT(权重浓度轨迹分析)模拟研究复杂地形下兰州城市尺度大气污染物局地输送特征、潜在源区及其对空气质量的影响. 结果表明:2002—2008年影响兰州城区冬季12月空气质量的轨迹可分为5类,输送类型可分为城区内输送和城区外输送. 第1、3类轨迹出现频率均大于20%且污染轨迹出现频率均大于38%,是污染物的主要输送路径,对应潜在源区为兰州城关区东北部和榆中县东部,这2个源区对ρ(PM₁₀)的影响最大,对ρ(SO₂)的影响最小,对ρ(PM₁₀)、ρ(SO₂)和ρ(NO₂)的贡献分别超过200、80和60 μg/m3. 来自榆中县的第4类轨迹和兰州西固区的第5类轨迹易造成大气重污染,而来自皋兰县的第2类轨迹属于清洁轨迹. 兰州冬季污染既受局地输送的影响,也与地面天气形势密切相关.      

Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)对小白菜生长及生理效应的影响

用盆栽试验研究了不同含量Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)对小白菜生长和生理效应的影响.结果表明,不同含量Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)对小白菜体生长和生理代谢的影响不尽相同.低含量硒（Se(Ⅳ)<10.0 mg·kg-1、Se(Ⅵ)<5.0 mg·kg-1）能够促进小白菜的生长,使其根变粗, 诱导脯氨酸的产生,阻止丙二醛（MDA）的合成,增强白菜的抗逆性,使其生物量明显提高;高含量硒会抑制小白菜的生长,导致植物体内脯氨酸合成下降,MDA含量增加,叶及根系生长受到抑制,地上和地下部干重显著急速下降（p<0.01）.小白菜根长、叶面积等生长指标均随Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)含量的增大而显著下降（p<0.01）;抑制小白菜根系生长的Se(Ⅳ)含量为60 mg·kg-1,明显高于Se(Ⅵ)含量（20.0 mg·kg-1）.相同硒含量下,Se(Ⅳ)处理的小白菜地上部干重为Se(Ⅵ)的1.1~3.0倍,说明本试验条件下Se(Ⅵ)的生物有效性和毒性均大于Se(Ⅳ).Se(Ⅵ)处理小白菜地上部分的硒含量显著高于地下部分,而Se(Ⅳ)处理小白菜地下部分的硒含量显著高于地上部分,小白菜地上和地下部分对Se(Ⅵ)的吸收量均显著高于Se(Ⅳ).综合生长和生理因子分析表明,地上部分生物量是反映Se(Ⅳ)及Se(Ⅵ)处理土壤上小白菜生长状况的理想指标.     

Synthesis and kinetics investigation of meso-microporous Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia

A series of meso-microporous Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts were successfully synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal crystallization method, and these catalysts exhibited excellent NH_3-SCR performance at low temperature. Their structure and physic chemical properties were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction patterns(XRD), Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Transmission electron microscopy(TEM), N_2 sorption-desorption, nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission spectrometer(ICP-AES), X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XPS),Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia(NH_3-TPD), Ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-Vis DRS) and Temperature programmed reduction(TPR).The analysis results indicate that the high activities of Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts could be attributed to the enhancement of redox property, the formation of mesopores and the more acid sites. Furthermore, the kinetic results verify that the formation of mesopores remarkably reduces diffusion resistance and then improves the accessibility of reactants to catalytically active sites. The 1.0-Cu-SAPO-34 catalyst exhibited the high NO conversion( 90%) among the wide activity temperature window in the range of 150–425℃.     

Growth responses of Picea mongolica seedlings to defoliation rate

Picea mongolica W. D. Xu. is an endemic species in China. The spruce forest is only found in semi-arid habitat in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Based on the simulative defoliation experiment, it was proved that Picea mongolica seedlings had the compensatory and overcompensatory effects under the certain defoliation rate. The results of variance analysis on growth indexes showed that in PM I (natural regeneration seedlings under Picea mongolica forest), the differences of H1 (height in June 23 ) and H2 (height in September 3) were extremely significant, and the difference of D(diameter at the breast height) were not significant. In PM Ⅱ (artificial regeneration seedlings under Betula platyphylla Suk. forest), the difference of H1 was significant, the difference of H2 was not significant, and the difference of D was extremely significant. The regression equations were established and the compensatory and overcompensatory points were obtained. In PM I, the compensatory points of H1, H2, and D were 0.7628, 0.7436, 0.5725, and the overcompensatory points were 0.6056, 0.5802 and 0.2909 respectively. In PM Ⅱ, the compensatory points of H1, H2, and D are 0.5012, 0.3421, 0.2488, and the overcompensatory points are 0.4137, 0.2633 and 0.0747 respectively. These results suggested that the induction of compensatory growth mechanisms in spruce seedlings required a threshold level of defoliation, and the insects in Picea mongolica forest could be controlled in a certain de clree.