锂离子电池性能退化的应力模型研究

为评估高温、充电电流与放电电流等应力条件对锂离子电池性能退化的影响,本文通过加速试验获取数据,分析了各应力造成电池性能退化的趋势与机理,研究并构建了导致电池性能退化的单应力模型,验证表明模型具有结构简单、精度高、通用性强等优点。这既为分析应力对性能与寿命的影响提供定量依据,也为未来开展多应力耦合的退化模型研究提供了数据支撑。     

A novel sigma coordinate system to simulate abrupt changes of underwater terrain in a hydrodynamic model: application to Lake Mead,USA

The sigma (SIG) coordinate system in ocean circulation simulation models results inevitably in horizontal pressure gradient error. This problem also emerges in models of deep lakes or reservoirs with the same characteristics of underwater terrain mutation. SIG coordinates reflect vertical relative stratification but cannot be used to calculate horizontal pressure gradient force in places with drastic topographic changes; this results in vertical water temperature and circulation errors. In deep lakes or reservoirs, differences in water density caused by the temperature difference between upper and lower water bodies is the primary cause of thermal stratification phenomena. Lake Mead was used as a case study on steep topography based on Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model in this study. SIG coordinates result in close agreement between the calibrated temperature time series at the top and middle water layers, but disparity in the bottom water layer. The error emerges in the horizontal pressure gradient error due to the SIG coordinate transformation. Neither increasing the vertical resolution nor adjusting the horizontal viscosity coefficient resolve this error. We test the sigma-zed (SGZ) coordinate which combines Z coordinate and SIG coordinate as a replacement for the SIG coordinate to find that they effectively reduce the model’s runtime and simulation efficiency. The vertical temperature distribution in SGZ coordinate mode is more accurate than the distribution in SIG coordinate mode. The Navier-Stokes horizontal gradient and advection diffusion equation results under SIG coordinates are very sensitive to the pressure gradient. The replacement also enhances resolution near the thermocline, facilitates reclosing of the water bottom and the equal sigma surface, lends significant advantages in terms of vertical temperature in the simulation for local deep water with steep terrain, and shortens runtime for 0.14 h. SGZ mixed coordinates are recommended in the simulation of deep lakes or reservoirs wherein the underwater topography is large (with abundant continuous deep trenches or reefs).

     

废弃水基钻井液固相物与蚯蚓粪协同土壤化研究

将废弃水基钻井液中的固相物质(以下简称固相物)与蚯蚓粪按不同比例混合制成试样土壤,用其种植景观植物空心菜和黑麦草,测定试样土壤的物理性质,分析种植过程试样土壤有机质、氮素、磷素的变化,对比植物种植前后试样土壤重金属含量的变化。结果表明,蚯蚓粪能够有效改善试样土壤物理性质,提高试样土壤肥力;为使试样土壤用于景观植物种植,固相物所占比例(以质量比计)宜在1∶8以下,固相物∶蚯蚓粪为1∶10时植物长势更佳;试样土壤在种植景观植物后重金属含量均有降低。可见,利用固相物与蚯蚓粪协同土壤化并通过种植重金属超富集植物降低试样土壤重金属,是固相物无害化处理的可行方法。     

饱和粉末活性炭电化学再生研究

采用电化学再生法对吸附处理染料废水产生的饱和粉末活性炭(PAC)进行再生,以NaCl为电解质,考察了电源类型、pH、再生时间、电压和NaCl浓度对活性炭再生率的影响,并对活性炭表面酸性含氧官能团进行测定。结果表明:(1)在pH=1、直流电压为6V、NaCl为6g/L、再生90min的最佳条件下,采用单室反应器,饱和PAC再生率达到59.09%。(2)电极循环伏安曲线结果表明,饱和PAC电极表面发生氧化反应,与主电极直接和间接氧化共同作用,使活性炭表面吸附的污染物降解。活性炭表面酸性含氧官能团滴定和红外光谱测试结果进一步表明,电化学再生法使活性炭表面基团得到恢复。