Short-term e ects of drawing water for connectivity of rivers and lakes on zooplankton community structure

During 28–29, September 2005, water was drawn from Hanjiang River and Houguan Lake to the Yangzi River via Sanjiao Lake and Nantaizi Lake in Wuhan in order to provide favorable conditions for ecosystem restoration. To evaluate the feasibility and validity of drawing water as a means of ecosystem restoration, zooplankton populations were studied 3 times (before, immediately after finishing and a month after drawing water) at seven locations from 27 Sept. 2005 to 2 Nov. 2005. Water quality in the lakes was mostly improved and zooplankton species richness decreased as soon as drawing water had finished but increased a month after drawing water. Zooplankton density and biomass was reduced in the lakes by drawing water but was increased at the entrance to Sanjiao Lake because of landform geometry change. Before drawing water, most species in Sanjiao Lake e.g., Brachionus sp. and Keratella sp. were tolerant of contamination. After drawing water oligotrophic-prone species such as Lecane ludwigii and Gastropus stylifer emerged. We conclude that drawing water could be important for improving water quality and favour ecosystem restoration. Dilution of nutrient concentrations may be an important role in the e ect.     

上甸子本底站湿沉降化学成分变化与来源解析

利用上甸子本底站自1999～2004年的降水资料,对8种离子(K 、Na 、Ca2 、Mg2 、NH4 、SO42-、NO3-、Cl-)浓度做了统计分析.并通过PMF(positive matrix factorization)方法对该地区的湿沉降来源做了解析.结果表明,①pH 分布在4.41～6.55之间,电导率分布在 40.97～69.64μS·cm-1之间.②上甸子本底站的电导率结果明显高于清洁地区降水背景点(瓦里关全球大气本底监测站)、低于北京城区的观测结果,表明降水化学成分受大气污染显著.但污染水平要低于人类活动集中的地区.③SO2-4、NO3-、NH4 、Ca2 是上甸子站降水样品中最主要的水溶性离子;从季节变化来看,SO2-4离子春季最高、夏季最低,NO3-离子冬春两季浓度水平相当,夏季略偏低,H 离子浓度春季最低,夏秋两季相当,冬季最高.④源解析结果表明.土壤尘是上甸子本底站降水化学成分最主要的来源;与施肥有关的农田排放是本底站降水成分的另一个重要的源;此外,来自污染地区的交通运输排放和燃煤排放的输送作用同样影响着该地区降水化学成分.     

Modeling effects of temperature and precipitation on carbon characteristics and GHGs emissions in Abies fabric forest of subalpine

Abies fabric forest in the eastern slope of Gongga mountain is one type of subalpine dark coniferous forests of southwestern China. It is located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and is sensitive to climatic changes. A process-oriented biogeochemical model, Forest-DNDC, was applied to simulate the e ects of climatic factors, temperature and precipitation changes on carbon characteristics, and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in A. fabric forest. Validation indicated that the Forest-DNDC could be used to predict carbon characteristics and GHGs emissions with reasonable accuracy. The model simulated carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, soil CO2, N2O, and NO emissions with the changes of temperature and precipitation conditions. The results showed that with variation in the baseline temperature from –2℃ to +2℃, the gross primary production (GPP) and soil organic carbon (SOC) increased, and the net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) decreased because of higher respiration rate. With increasing baseline precipitation the GPP and NPP increased slightly, and the NEP and SOC showed decreasing trend. Soil CO2 emissions increased with the increase of temperature, and CO2 emissions changed little with increased baseline precipitation. With increased temperature and decreased baseline temperature, the total annual soil N2O emissions increased.With the variation of baseline temperature from –2℃ to +2℃, the total annual soil NO emissions increased. The total annual N2O and NO emissions showed increasing trends with the increase of precipitation. The biogeochemical simulation of the typical forest indicated that temperature changes strongly a ected carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, and soil GHGs emissions. The precipitation was not a principal factor a ecting carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, and soil CO2 emissions, but changes in precipitation could exert strong e ect on soil N2O and NO emissions.     

Short-term effects of drawing water for connectivity of rivers and lakes on zooplankton community structure

During 28-29,September 2005,water was drawn from Hanjiang River and Houguan Lake to the Yangzi River via Sanjiao Lake and Nantaizi Lake in Wuhan in order to provide favorable conditions for ecosystem restoration.To evaluate the feasibility and validity of drawing water as a means of ecosystem restoration,zooplankton populations were studied 3 times (before,immediately after finishing and a month after drawing water)at seven locations from 27 Sept.2005 to 2 Nov.2005.Water quality in the lakes was mostly improved and zooplankton species richness decreased as soon as drawing water had finished but increased a month after drawing water.Zooplankton density and biomass was reduced in the lakes by drawing water but was increased at the entrance to Sanjiao Lake because of landform geometry change.Before drawing water,most species in Sanjiao lake e.g.,Brachionus sp.and Keratella sp.were tolerant of contamination.After drawing water oligotrophic-prone species such as Lecane ludwigii and Gastropus stylifer emerged.We conclude that drawing water could be important for improving water quality and favour ecosystem restoration.Dilution of nutrient concentrations may be an important role in the effect.     

对试算内蒙古绿色国内生产总值的几点思考

绿色GDP是以绿色国民经济核算体系和环境污染经济损失估算体系为基础的环境经济综合核算体系(SEEA)的主要核算内容之一,其基本思路:国民净福利=国内生产总值+一切能带来净福利的其他一切活动成果-社会成本。源于国民核算的国民经济核算经过逐步的发展演变,理论日益成熟,核算方法-国民经济核算体系(SNA)日趋完善。我们应该立即开始从具体项目到局部地区进行不断的试验,试算内蒙古的绿色GDP。在明晰核算方法条件下的核算基本流程。     

Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)对黑褐新糠虾(Neomysis awatschensis)的毒性作用

通过在基础海水中添加Cu2 、Zn2 ,研究其对黑褐新糠虾(Neomysis awatschensis)的急、慢性毒性影响.包括了Cu2 、Zn2 对黑褐新糠虾在24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度(LC50),安全浓度(SC)和在生长、成活、繁殖等方面的影响.结果表明:(1)水体中Cu2 对黑褐新糠虾24、48、72和96 h LC50和SC分别是2843、2363、1432、449 μg/L和4.49 μg/L.Zn2 对黑褐新糠虾24、48、72和96 h LC50和SC分别是10588、2331、1459、664 μg/L和6.64 μg/L.Cu2 对黑褐新糠虾的毒性大,黑褐新糠虾对Cu2 比对Zn2 更为敏感.(2)当5 μg/L≤Cu2 ≤80 μg/L、10 μg/L≤Zn2 ≤160 μg/L时,黑褐新糠虾在处于各浓度的Cu2 、Zn2 试液中经过60d的饲养,均显示一定程度的毒性作用,其成活率、体长和体长增长率随Cu2 、Zn2 浓度的不断增加都有不同程度的降低,与对照组相比均差异显著(P﹤0.05).     

战场电磁环境对无人机系统的干扰分析

提高无人机系统抗电磁干扰能力,是适应信息化战争复杂战场电磁环境的必然要求.从干扰源、干扰设备、干扰途径等不同方面综合分析了复杂战场电磁环境对无人机系统可能存在的电磁干扰,描述了作用机理,对潜在的危险性作出分析评估,并提出了有效的抗电磁干扰的防护措施.     

开缝屏蔽体的屏蔽效能仿真研究

运用电磁仿真软件FEKO进行仿真建模,对混响室条件下小尺寸开缝屏蔽腔体内部的场分布进行了仿真计算,给出了屏蔽体的屏蔽能力与混响室内电磁场的频率、入射方向和极化方向的依赖关系,并利用屏蔽效能的统计定义,讨论了屏蔽效能的特点和规律.     

生态型港口综合评价指标体系初探——以上海港为例

基于上海市建设生态型城市的长期目标,将港口作为城市生态系统中重要的子系统,对如何建设生态型港口提出了综合评价指标体系.通过筛选得到45项单因素指标,针对不同类型的港区有所分异,整个评价体系分为5个准则层(生态环境、经济效率、污染控制、环境管理、社会评价)和10个因素层(大气/声环境、生物资源、基底质量、经济发展、生产效率、循环经济、污染排放、清洁生产、环保投入、社会参与),并采用AHP(层次分析)法确定了各层次的权重分配.进而根据2005年上海港年均生产状况和2006年上半年的港区环境-资源调查,尝试对上海港7种主要类型(集装箱、件杂货/成品、多用途、干散、粮食港区、液散、客运)的15个港区进行了现状评估.然而,生态港评价系统的指标选取、权重制定、评估级别等实践与完善仍需要多学科和政府职能部门的参与.最后,项目还提出了水生态健康、航道淤积、生态风险、水陆景观等非定量生态港评价因子.     

城市高速发展对徐州地下水环境演化的驱动作用

20世纪70年代后期,徐州市进入城市高速发展时期,生产生活用水量逐年增大,地下水常年处于超采状态,地下水环境演化趋势偏离正常轨道,局部呈现恶化的态势,主要表现在地下水动力场演化、地下水化学场演化和地质灾害负环境效应三方面。徐州市地下水环境演化轨迹和城市高速发展的相关分析结果和拟合函数表明,城市高速发展对地下水环境的演化具有明显的线性驱动作用。本文详细分析了这种驱动作用并提出了城市与地下水环境和谐可持续发展的对策。