活性碳为载体的生物反应器填埋场模拟实验研究

生物反应器填埋场是一种新型的垃圾卫生填埋场,可以加速填埋场的稳定及甲烷的产生。通过模拟试验探讨了加装了活性炭载体的生物反应器填埋场在不同操作条件下的产气情况及COD,pH值、挥发性脂肪酸的变化趋势。试验证明添加活性炭做载体的反应器不仅有助于垃圾降解及渗滤液中COD。浓度的降低,而且填埋气中甲烷含量也较高;但是简单的两相型反应器却不利于甲烷气体的产生和CODCr的降解,这是由于其水解速度慢,水解反应时间长引起的。     

国外轻型车辆防翻架的设计与制作

根据在海外钻井工程服务项目HSE管理中积累的经验,介绍了国外防翻架的安全标准及其设计、选材、制作和安装要求,为中国油田服务承包商进行轻型车辆防翻架制作提供了参考。     

含锌废水对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

试验用不同浓度的锌溶液模拟污水,浸种后用水培法培养小麦,全面观察研究不同浓度的锌对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长过程中的形态和生理生化指标的影响以及相同浓度的锌溶液对不同品种小麦的影响,初步探讨锌对小麦的作用机制.结果表明:10 mg/L及20 mg/L的Zn2 溶液对小麦种子的萌发、幼苗根系活力和叶绿素含量有促进作用,25 mg/L～160 mg/L的Zn2 溶液随着浓度的增高使得小麦种子的发芽和幼苗根系及地上部分的生长发育受到押制,同时叶绿素的含量也有所降低;相同浓度的锌溶液对不同品种的小麦有不同程度的影响.     

粒状电介质形态对介质阻挡放电特性的影响

选取自制高岭土颗粒和氧化铝颗粒作为介质阻挡放电的电介质,并将其作为板-板式气体放电填充床反应器的填充材料,通过对反应器放电特性的实验研究。研究了电场强度、李萨如图形、放电功率以及电流脉冲情况,初步探讨了粒状电介质阻挡放电机制。并从粒径、成分、排序三个角度进行了结果分析,进而总结这三方面因素对气体放电的影响规律。     

Simulation analysis of environmental risk accident and management of high-sulfur gas field development in complex terrain

Environmental risk of high sulfur gas field exploitation has become one of the hot spots of environmental management studies. Severe gas H₂S blowout accidents in recent years have shown that poor understanding and estimates of the poisonous gas movement could lead to dangerous evacuation delays. It is important to evaluate the real concentration of H₂S, especially in complex terrain. Traditional experiential models are not valid in the case of rough terrain, especially in low-lying areas where the gas accumulates. This study, using high sulfur content gas field of Sichuan “Pu Guang gas field” as study object and adopting objective diagnosis of wind field of land following coordinate three dimensions, applied Lagrangian Puff Model and breaking up technique of puffs to simulate the H₂S diffusion condition of blowout accidents produced in the high sulfur content gas field of complex terrain area. The results showed that the H₂S distribution did not occur mainly in low wind direction, and due to the obstruction of the mountain’s body, it accumulated in front of mountain on produced turn over, flowed around submitted jumping type distribution. The mountain waist near the hilltop and low hollow river valley site rapture points simulating contrast showed that the higher the rapture point, the better the diffusing condition of pollutant, the distribution of risk sensitive point decided piping rupture environmental risk size combining the H₂S diffusion result and residential area dispersing in the study area, synthetic judge located in the high rapture point environmental risk was smaller than the low hollow point, thus it was suggested to carryout laying of lining build of equal high line of higher terrain. According to simulation results, the environmental risk management measures aimed at putting down adverse effects were worked out.     

Degradation of chlorinated phenols by nanoscale zero-valent iron

Chlorophenols (CPs), as important contaminants in groundwater, are toxic and difficult to biodegrade. Recently nanoscale zero-valent iron received a great deal of attention because of its excellent performance in treating recalcitrant compounds. In this study, nanoscale zero-valent iron particles were prepared using chemical reduction, and the reductive transformations of three kinds of chlorinated phenols (2-CP, 3-CP, and 4-CP) by nanoscale zero-valent iron under different conditions were investigated. The transformation process of the CPs was shown to be dechlorination first, then cleavage of the benzene ring. The removal efficiency of the CPs varied as follows: 2-CP > 3-CP > 4-CP. The reactivity of CPs was associated with their energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbit (E _LUMO). With the increase in initial concentrations of CPs, removal efficiency decreased a little. But the quantities of CPs reduced increased evidently. Temperature had influence on not only the removal efficiency, but also the transformation pathway. At higher temperatures, dechlorination occurred prior to benzene ring cleavage. At lower temperatures, however, the oxidation product was formed more easily. __________ Translated from China Environmental Science, 2006, 26(6): 698–702 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

湖南省雷电特征及闪电数据分析

湖南是雷暴多发区,雷暴分布是南多北少,西多东少。近35年地面雷暴观测数据显示,全省年平均雷暴数呈下降趋势。湖南闪电以负地闪为主,占总地闪的94．59％,平均闪电强度随着海拔高度的增加而加大,长沙、韶山为闪电强度低值中心。一天中13～20时是闪电高发期,正地闪的平均能量要大于负地闪。     

武汉月湖和莲花湖表层沉积物中持久性有机物的污染状况

采用气－质联用技术分析了武汉汉阳月湖和莲花湖的4个表层沉积物样品中的有机污染物,探讨了两湖沉积物受持久性有机物污染的程度。月湖中共检测出124种有机物,其中属环境优先控制污染物和美国EPA筛选的内分泌干扰物19种;莲花湖中共检测出186种有机物,环境优先控制污染物和美国EPA筛选的内分泌干扰物34种。主要污染物包括：酞酸酯、酯类、酚类、杂环和苯及其衍生物等。污染物浓度顺序为L1＞L2＞Y2＞Y1,莲花湖中有机物浓度明显高于月湖。两湖邻苯二甲酸酯的含量最高,占了污染物总量的96%~98%,邻苯二甲酸乙基己基酯（平均值 17 59903 ng/g 干重）和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（平均值 2 515.76 ng/g 干重）是两湖沉积物中的主要酞酸酯类污染物。     

促进区域产业有序转移与协调发展的碳减排目标设计

当前,在扩大内需、转变经济发展方式的大背景下,跨区域产业转移已成为中国区域政策中促进区域协调发展的重要手段。如何根据中国各区域碳排放的差异性,合理设计有差别的碳减排目标,促进区域产业有序转移与协调发展,是当前需要考虑的一个重要战略问题。本文首先采用工业部门市场份额指标来反映地区产业转移状况,并按产业转移情况和工业化水平把中国划分为净转入、净转出和其他中西部三类区域;然后运用改进的LMDI模型,从碳排放系数、碳排放强度、经济结构及经济规模四个方面对不同区域碳排放效应进行分解,明确了不同区域碳排放的差异特征。在此基础上,根据未来中国区域碳减排政策应坚持"共同而有区别的责任原则",建立了新的区域碳减排指标分配框架,即对净转入、净转出和其他中西部三类区域分别实行以结构调整为主的强制减排、以降低能源强度为主的强制减排和发展减排的差异化目标,促进东部地区产业转型升级与中西部地区跨越式绿色发展。     

Opportunities and challenges for development of urbanization in Western China

Urban and rural dual structure in Western China is obvious.The economic development of the central cities is relatively quick while that of the rural areas is lagging behind.The speeding up of urbanization contributes to the intensively uncoordinated development of urban and rural areas.Besides,the eco-fragile environment,shortage of available water resources,adverse geographic location,and relatively backward social economy restrict the development of urbanization in Western China.However,Western China also has the advantages of backwardness.This paper analyzes the present situation and development trend of urbanization in Western China.The results show that Western China has basically formed a development pattern with"industry promotes agriculture and urban leads to village".Therefore,combined with the present situation of Western China,this paper describes and analyzes the opportunities and challenges that may appear in the process of urbanization in Western China,puts forward the development pattern in which urban and rural areas can gain mutual support and co-development,and provides related recommendations.