北极夏季大气气溶胶单颗粒研究

为研究北极地区大气气溶胶颗粒的物理化学特性,于2013年8月8~12日环Svalbard岛收集大气气溶胶样品,利用带能谱的透射电子显微镜(TEM-EDS)共分析2530个单颗粒,并获得颗粒物的形貌特征和化学组成.结果表明,北极地区颗粒物主要表现为5种类型,分别为海盐颗粒、富S颗粒、富Fe颗粒、含碳颗粒和矿物颗粒.后向气流轨迹显示,采样期间大气污染物主要来自于北极点周边的海洋上空和附近格陵兰岛地区.来自海洋上空的大气中主要包含海盐颗粒,所占数量比例为54.7%;经过陆地的大气样品中95.4%为矿物颗粒.利用时间密度因子法估算出北极地区PM2.5质量浓度范围为0.55~0.72mg/m3.     

化学辅助方法用于剩余污泥减量的研究

最近,基于化学氧化和解偶联的污泥减量新方法得到更深人研究。回顾了化学辅助方式减少剩余污泥产生的方法,包括碱（酸）-加热处理,活性污泥-自氧工艺,氯-活性污泥工艺,新陈代谢解偶联和高浓度溶解氧方法。     

Assessment of future climate change impacts on water-heat-salt migration in unsaturated frozen soil using CoupModel

• A model coupling water-heat-salt of unsaturated frozen soil was established. • Future temperature, precipitation, and evaporation increase in freeze–thaw period. • Soil water, heat, and salt transport are closely coupled during freeze–thaw period. • Freeze–thaw cycles and future climate change can exacerbate salinization. The transport mechanisms of water, heat, and salt in unsaturated frozen soil, as well as its response to future climate change are in urgent need of study. In this study, western Jilin Province in north-eastern China was studied to produce a model of coupled water-heat-salt in unsaturated frozen soil using CoupModel. The water, heat, and salt dynamics of unsaturated frozen soil under three representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios were simulated to analyze the effects of future climate change on unsaturated frozen soil. The results show that water, heat, and salt migration are tightly coupled, and the soil salt concentration in the surface layer (10 cm) exhibits explosive growth after freezing and thawing. The future (2020–2099) meteorological factors in the study area were predicted using the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM). For RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, future temperatures during the freeze–thaw period increased by 2.68°C, 3.18°C, and 4.28°C, respectively; precipitation increased by 30.28 mm, 28.41 mm, and 32.17 mm, respectively; and evaporation increased by 93.57 mm, 106.95 mm, and 130.57 mm, respectively. Climate change will shorten the freeze–thaw period, advance the soil melting time from April to March, and enhance water and salt transport. Compared to the baseline period (1961–2005), future soil salt concentrations at 10 cm increased by 1547.54 mg/L, 1762.86 mg/L, and 1713.66 mg/L under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, respectively. The explosive salt accumulation is more obvious. Effective measures should be taken to prevent the salinization of unsaturated frozen soils and address climate change.     

Study on HCl removal for medical waste pyrolysis and combustion using a TG-FTIR analyzer

Under both pyrolysis and combustion condition, HCl removal efficiency for medical waste with Ca-based additives was semi-quantitatively studied by means of TG-FTIR. Additionally, the difference of HCl removal efficiency for PVC and medical waste was compared. Experimental results showed that: 1) Thermal degradation of medical waste mainly took place in two steps under both pyrolysis and combustion condition; 2) HCl emitted at both two steps and HCl concentration increased with the increased of Cl ratio in the medical waste; 3) for the same additive, HCl concentration decreased with the increased of additives amount, that is to say, HCl removal efficiency of medical waste increased as the increased of Ca/Cl molar ratio. Fourth, when Ca(OH)₂ was used as additive, HCl removal efficiency for medical waste combustion was a little higher than that for medical waste pyrolysis, but either CaCO₃ or CaO was used as additive, it was just opposite, more specifically, when CaCO₃ was used as additive with Ca/Cl=1.3, HCl removal efficiency was 5.49% under pyrolysis condition, but that was only 4.24% under combustion condition. Fifth, under the same Ca/Cl molar ratio, HCl removal efficiency for PVC was higher than that for medical waste under both pyrolysis and combustion condition, more specifically, when Ca(OH)₂ was used as additive with Ca/Cl=1, HCl removal efficiency was 64.51% for PVC, but that was only 27.66% for medical waste pyrolysis with 4% Cl under pyrolysis condition.     

自动固相微萃取-气相色谱法分析无公害海水养殖用水的多氯联苯

建立了AutoSPME-GC联用分析无公害海水养殖水环境中8种痕量PCBs的方法,优化了萃取温度,研究了萃取时间、盐度和涂层中PCBs的残留量对萃取方法的影响.该法最低检出限为0.7-1.9ng·μl-1,RSD(n=5)为2.2%-8.2%,回收率为79.8%-108.0%,该法简单、快速,适合海水中PCBs分析.     

紫外分光光度法对苯酚、苯胺和苯甲酸的同时测定方法的研究

利用紫外分光光度法的吸光度加和性原理,对苯酚、苯胺和苯甲酸的同时测定方法进行了研究.通过调整待测物质溶液的pH值,可以使其分光光度法的吸收峰发生红移(或蓝移),从而有利于确定该物质的最佳吸收波长.对苯酚、苯胺和苯甲酸的分析测定表明,在碱性介质中该系列化合物的吸光度具有较好的加和性,其相对误差在10%～15%之间,适于多组分同时测定.本方法的苯酚、苯胺和苯甲酸的线性范围均为0～70 mg/L;加标回收率分别为95.8%～107.8%,97.6%～117%和93.7%～108.5%,测定2组水样时的相对标准偏差分别为1.84%、3.20%,2.71%、1.06%和2.61%、5.10%.     

重庆市工业化进程与新型工业化道路探析

从人均国内生产总值、产业结构、工业内部结构、城乡结构和就业结构5个方面入手,对重庆市工业化所处阶段进行判定,得出了重庆市仍处于工业化中期第一阶段的结论。针对该结论以及重庆市工业化进程中现行阶段存在的产业结构、工业结构以及区域发展不协调等结构性问题,结合新型工业化要求,有针对性地对重庆市推行新型工业化道路提出了几点建议。     

略论古代埃及书吏的德育教育

书吏是古代埃及具有良好道德修养的一个阶层.培养书吏的教师们通过让学生抄录教谕文献达到德育教育的目的.其中涉及到谦虚、忍耐、敬神忠君、公正和不贪婪等传统道德以及对长者、对上级、对弱者和其他人的一些日常行为规范.     

论时政环节在"两课"教学中的重要作用

“两课”教学中的时政环节为“两课”教学走出困境提供了现实可能性。它在培养学生的辩证思维方式,增强学生的时代责任感和历史使命感,促进学生正确价值观的形成以及导入新课,提高学生自信心和活跃“两课”课堂气氛等方面都起到了积极的推动作用。可以说,时政教学是增强“两课”教学时代性和感召力的重要环节。     

饮用水生物稳定性评价指标研究进展

保障管网中生物稳定性是饮用水安全保障的重点,本文概述了饮用水中生物稳定性评价指标的研究进展,对比分析了国内外不同生物稳定性评价指标及其各优缺点,并提出了今后研究的重点和方向。