Impacts of surfactants on the ecotoxicological effects of TiO2-NP and/or Cd contamination in sediments北大核心CSCD

Surfactants may alter the interaction between engineered nanoparticles (ENP) and coexisting pollutants, and further influence the ecotoxicity of these pollutants. This research aimed to evaluate the impacts of the surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDS) on the ecotoxicological effects of TiO2-NP and Cd combined contamination in freshwater sediments by deposit-feeding gastropoda Bellamya aeroginosa. We investigated the effects of TiO2-NP and/or Cd contamination in the presence of different concentrations of SDS on DNA damage, Na+, K+-ATPase activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels in the hepatopancreas of B. aeroginosa following 21-d chronic sediment bioassay. The results showed that low concentration (5 μg g-1) of Cd had no toxicity to B. aeroginosa, while relatively high concentration (25 μg g-1) displayed obvious toxicity, and that SDS could significantly enhance the toxicity of Cd to B. aeroginosa. TiO2-NP with nontoxic concentration could enhance the toxicity of Cd with low concentration to B. aeroginosa, but had no effects on the toxicity of Cd with high concentration. SDS could significantly enhance the toxicity of TiO2-NP and Cd combined contamination to B. aeroginosa in a SDS-concentration-dependent manner. When assessing the potential environmental risk of ENP, we should not only focus on the toxicity of ENP itself, or the interaction between ENP and coexisting contaminants, but also should consider the potential impacts of surfactants and other environmental factors.     

Effectiveness of China's National Forest Protection Program and nature reserves

There is profound interest in knowing the degree to which China's institutions are capable of protecting its natural forests and biodiversity in the face of economic and political change. China's 2 most important forest‐protection policies are its National Forest Protection Program (NFPP) and its national‐level nature reserves (NNRs). The NFPP was implemented in 2000 in response to deforestation‐caused flooding. We undertook the first national, quantitative assessment of the NFPP and NNRs to examine whether the NFPP achieved its deforestation‐reduction target and whether the NNRs deter deforestation altogether. We used MODIS data to estimate forest cover and loss across mainland China (2000–2010). We also assembled the first‐ever polygon dataset for China's forested NNRs (n = 237, 74,030 km² in 2000) and used both conventional and covariate‐matching approaches to compare deforestation rates inside and outside NNRs (2000–2010). In 2000, 1.765 million km² or 18.7% of mainland China was forested (12.3% with canopy cover of ≥70%)) or woodland (6.4% with canopy cover <70% and tree plus shrub cover ≥40%). By 2010, 480,203 km² of forest and woodland had been lost, an annual deforestation rate of 2.7%. Forest‐only loss was 127,473 km² (1.05% annually). In the NFPP provinces, the forest‐only loss rate was 0.62%, which was 3.3 times lower than in the non‐NFPP provinces. Moreover, the Landsat data suggest that these loss rates are overestimates due to large MODIS pixel size. Thus, China appears to have achieved, and even exceeded, its target of reducing deforestation to 1.1% annually in the NFPP provinces. About two‐thirds of China's NNRs were effective in protecting forest cover (prevented loss 4073 km² unmatched approach; 3148 km² matched approach), and within‐NNR deforestation rates were higher in provinces with higher overall deforestation. Our results indicate that China's existing institutions can protect domestic forest cover.     

甘蔗光合系统Ⅰ亚基O基因的克隆与表达分析

光合系统Ⅰ亚基O(PhotosystemⅠsubunit O,Psa O)是光合系统Ⅰ中的蛋白亚基,在两个光合系统之间平衡激发能方面起着重要的作用.为研究Psa O基因的结构和功能,对甘蔗(Saccharum offi cinarum L.)叶片全长c DNA文库进行测序,获得光合系统Ⅰ亚基O基因的全长c DNA序列,命名为Sc Psa O(Gen Bank Accession Number:KF714498).生物信息学分析表明,该基因全长708 bp,开放阅读框435 bp,编码144个氨基酸;该基因所编码的蛋白定位于叶绿体基质,无信号肽,为疏水性非分泌碱性蛋白,二级结构多为无规则卷曲,含有PJN00046家族的保守结构域,参与能量新陈代谢及脂肪酸新陈代谢.同时,该基因在不同物种间具有较强的保守性,其中与同属C4植物的同源性较C3植物高.荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,甘蔗Sc Psa O基因在叶片中的相对表达量最高,具有一定的组织特异性;在氯化钠(Na Cl)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、氯化铜(Cu Cl2)、脱落酸(ABA)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)等外源胁迫下,其表达量均呈下调趋势,且以PEG胁迫下的下调表现最为明显.这些结果表明这几种外源胁迫可能抑制甘蔗Sc Psa O基因的转录水平表达,为其进一步功能验证以及在甘蔗基因工程中的应用积累了基础资料.     

高锰酸钾预氧化强化混凝去除螺旋鱼腥藻的研究

以水华优势藻螺旋鱼腥藻为对象,研究不同高锰酸钾浓度氧化下,藻光合作用能力,藻液中Mn浓度,胞外有机物三维荧光和分子量分布的变化.研究发现高锰酸钾氧化作用主要在1 h内完成,1 h后藻液中残余Mn的含量达到1.23%~5.98%.藻光合能力随着高锰酸钾浓度上升而下降,随着高锰酸钾浓度升高,藻细胞分泌更多胞外有机物,同时藻细胞受到破坏,生成消毒副产物的前驱物腐殖酸.高锰酸钾预氧化1 h后进行混凝实验发现,藻的去除率显著升高,比直接混凝增加33.99%~36.35%.     

生物铁强化膜生物反应器处理印染废水的研究

通过向普通膜生物反应器(MBR)中添加氢氧化铁,驯化成生物铁污泥,形成生物铁膜生物反应器,分析各自对印染废水的处理效果,结果表明,生物铁MBR对COD的去除效果更好,去除率提高10%左右,但水力停留时间的长短对COD的去除效率影响不是很明显;通过改变泥龄观察处理效果,结果表明,生物铁MBR可以在较长泥龄的条件下运行而处理效果不会受到影响,比普通MBR排放更少的污泥,能达到污泥减量化;同时生物铁污泥絮体的形成为硝化细菌提供了良好的生存环境,使得对氨氮的去除效率比较稳定。试验说明:生物铁污泥的强化生化与物化作用可以加强系统整体的稳定性。     

不同环境因子对纳米羟基磷灰石在饱和填充柱中迁移规律的影响

选用石英砂填充柱模拟土壤体系,通过测量纳米羟基磷灰石（Nano-HAP）ζ电位、出流比等来考察不同环境因素（腐殖酸浓度、pH和离子强度）对其在饱和石英砂柱中迁移规律的影响.结果表明,随着腐殖酸浓度的增加,Nano-HAP胶体的ζ电位相应增加（绝对值增加）,吸附效率（α）相应降低,当溶液中腐殖酸浓度由0增加为10 mg/...     

膜生物反应器处理高浓度含酚废水研究

将膜生物反应器(MBR)用于高浓度含酚废水的处理中,探讨了进水中苯酚浓度、水力停留时间和污泥浓度对膜生物反应器处理含酚废水效果的影响。实验结果表明:经过42d驯化后,可以在高浓度含酚废水中正常运行,MBR系统对COD和氨氮的去除率分别可达98%和80.6%。当苯酚浓度为134mg/L时,处理的最佳水力停留时间为3h,最佳污泥浓度(MLSS)为7367mg/L。     

Recyling manganese-rich electrolytic residues: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Huge amounts of manganese-rich solid residues are yearly produced worldwide by industrial electrolysis, calling for advanced methods of recycling in the context of...     

Multicomponent photocatalysts for synergic removal of antibiotics in aqueous media: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Pollution of waste and natural waters by antibiotics is a major health issue that induces the development of resistant pathogens. Pollutant may be removed by...     

基于性能化设计的某大型游乐场人员疏散研究

作为新兴的室内大型娱乐场所,游乐场建筑规模大,功能复杂,现行建筑防火设计规范已不能完全适用于这类建筑,因而其消防安全问题极为突出。基于性能化防火设计方法,利用疏散模拟软件STEPS对某大型游乐场人员疏散进行了模拟计算,评估了其人员疏散的安全性,并给出了保证人员安全疏散的建议,所得结果对类似场所的人员疏散具有指导意义。