沼泽红假单胞菌W12对活性黑5的厌氧脱色和降解作用

从处理印染废水的厌氧移动床生物膜反应器（moving bed biofilm reactor, MBBR）中分离到一株具有高效脱色活性的沼泽红假单胞菌W12。经实验确定W12对活性黑5（reactive black 5,RB5）脱色的适宜条件为：pH＜10;有光照;谷氨酸盐或乳酸盐作为碳源,当乳酸钠为碳源时浓度应＞500 mg/L;盐度不超过5％;RB5浓度不大于700 mg/L。紫外可见光谱扫描结果表明,RB5的脱色和降解过程生成芳香胺类化合物,这些中间产物可进一步降解。此外发现,RB5诱导生成的胞外代谢物能提高W12的脱色活性。     

羊角月芽藻摄取磷形态的动力学研究

将湖水中的磷分成总溶解磷,溶解反应磷,总反应磷、溶解的水解性磷,溶解的光解性磷。研究其在羊角月芽过程中的变化。     

Sorption of polar and nonpolar aromatic compounds to four surface soils of eastern China

Improved predictions on the fate of organic pollutants in surface environments require a better understanding of the underlying sorption mechanisms that control their uptake by soils. In this study, we monitored sorption of nine aromatic compounds with varying physicochemical properties (hydrophobicity, electron-donor/acceptor ability and polarity), including two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, two chlorobenzenes, two nitroaromatic compounds, dichlobenil, carbaryl and 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous suspension of four surface soils of eastern China. The tested soils were characterized with respect to organic carbon (OC) content, black carbon content, mineralogy, morphology and size fraction to assess the role of the diverse soil characteristics in sorption. The results of this study show that not only the solute hydrophobicity and the OC content of soil are important to the retention of organic pollutants, but also the solute molecular structure and the soil nature.     

Photo-degradation organic dyes by Sb-based organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectrics

The organic-inorganic hybrid halide compounds have emerged as one of the most promising photoelectric material for their superior optoelectronic properties and hold great prospects for renewable energy substitutes and environmental protection as photocatalysis. Here, we report the optical properties of the Sb-based organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric materials: pyridine-4-aminium tetrachloroantimonate ((C₅H₇N₂)SbCl₄, sample 1), piperidin-1-aminium tetrachloroantimonate ((C₅H₁₃N₂)SbCl₄, sample 2) and tris(trimethylammonium) nonachlorodiantimonate (((CH₃)₃NH)₃Sb₂Cl₉, sample 3), which are a kind of exploited efficient photocatalysts. Samples 2 and 3 exhibit distinct photoelectric respond, which are mainly ascribed to their minor narrow band-gap compared with sample 1. For the ferroelectrics, the intrinsic of spontaneous polarization of sample 3 at room temperature is favourable for the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes within the photorespond process. Moreover, sample 3 shows the highest efficiency of photo-decomposed Rhodamine B (90.2% within 80 min) and Methyl Orange (MO) (97.4% within 50 min), thanks to the photo-excited electrons and holes promoting the formation of oxidative radical species during the photo-redox progress. These findings prove that the development of a novel Sb-based organic-inorganic hybrid halide compounds with good stability in the degradation of organic dyes paves a way to designing new photocatalyst.     

生物膜填料塔净化有机废气研究

为在国内开展生物化学法净化低浓度有机废气的研究工作,采用国内现有微生物菌种挂膜接种的生物膜填料塔净化低浓度甲苯废气,结果表明,在入口气体甲苯浓度0.183～1.803mg/L及气体流量86.4～190.8L/h（停留时间6.2～13.6s）的实验范围内,增加入口气体甲苯浓度和气体流量,可使甲苯的生化去除量增大,每升体积的生物膜填料对甲苯的生化去除量最大可达157.13mg/h。由实验结果推断,生物膜填料塔对废气中甲苯的净化去除过程属于传质控制过程。对比结果表明,本研究建立的动力学模式对实际过程有很好的适用性,计算值与实验值之间的相关系数R＝0.98。     

生物法净化处理低浓度挥发性有机及恶臭气体

结合课题组研究工作,概要介绍生物法废气净化技术的基础菌种及应用条件、菌种库与菌种批量生产线、初步工业应用等方面的研究成果与应用情况。     

地方政府地震风险预防与应急准备:实践、挑战及对策——基于广东河源市的分析

地震是广东河源市常见的自然灾害,频发的地震和作为城市重大风险源的新丰江水库可能诱发地震的双重影响对河源市地震应急预防准备工作提出严峻挑战,提升河源市政府和相关部门的地震应急能力尤为重要。根据对河源市地震应急预防准备工作现状的实地调研访谈、问卷调查和分析,阐述了河源市在地震应急预防准备工作进行的实践探索、待改善的方面,在借鉴国内外经验基础上,提出了加强和改进河源市地震预防与应急准备工作的对策建议。     

粉煤灰负载壳聚糖去除水中低浓度磷的研究

磷是富营养化限制因子,同时,中国主要能源是煤,每年会产生大量的粉煤灰废弃物;壳聚糖广泛存在于自然界,在水处理中的应用前景广阔。利用粉煤灰负载壳聚糖处理水中的磷既可以减少水中的污染物质,成本低,耗能少,又可以使固体废物得到有效的利用。实验中,以粉煤灰负载壳聚糖作为吸附剂,对磷酸盐的吸附进行了实验研究。讨论了废水的pH值、吸附平衡时间、吸附剂的投加量和吸附温度等各个因素对磷酸盐去除率的影响。研究表明:在粉煤灰负载壳聚糖的投加量为6 g/L、废水浓度为3 mg/L、吸附温度为30℃、吸附时间为30 min的条件下,P的去除率可达90%左右。     

废旧线路板回收的污染防治技术综述

废旧线路板回收不仅能够解决电子废弃物迅速增长带来的环境污染问题,而且可以实现资源再生利用,是中国当前鼓励发展的行业。线路板回收过程也将不可避免的带来一定环境污染问题。中国企业现阶段常用的线路板回收工艺主要包括机械物理法、湿法冶金、火法冶金、热解法等。废旧线路板的回收工艺不同,污染物产生特点也不同,企业应根据线路板回收工艺有针对性的选择污染防治措施。线路板回收过程中产生的废渣再利用应成为今后研究的重点。     

九龙江流域氮的源汇时空模式与机理初探

综合运用定位监测、野外试验、模型模拟与GIS技术等手段和方法,定量研究了南亚热带地区九龙江流域和五川小流域氮的大气沉降、河流输送(地表径流)、淋失、反硝化和氨挥发等输入输出(源汇)时空模式与机理.结果表明,九龙江流域氮"源"以化肥与饲料输入为主(占总输入125.6kg·hm-2的86%).氮"汇"以氨挥发和河流输送为主(占总输出72.9kg·hm-2的82%).氮输入后50%以上进入大气和水环境,14.5%通过河流输送至河口与近海.大气氮沉降通量为14.9kg·hm-2,其中干沉降占34%,湿沉降占66%,形成1:2的干湿沉降结构;源于化肥施用与畜禽养殖引起的强烈氨挥发,氮沉降集中在春夏两季(占全年80%),且以铵态氮为主(39%以上).氮的径流输出及河流输送受人为氮输入与水文条件的双重控制,2004年九龙江向厦门海域输送无机氮11.5kg·hm-2,其中90%发生在春夏秋季(同期流量占全年89%);五川小流域总氯径流输出负荷为67.1kg·hm-2,其中85%发生在施肥量大、降雨集中的春夏两季(作物生长期);基流与降雨径流分别贡献25%和75%.总氮淋失负荷为27.5kg·hm-2,占总输入的9%;pH<5的酸性土壤带正电荷导致氮淋失以铵态氮为主(约占40%).九龙江流域反硝化通量为7.7 kg.hm-2,而氮挥发高达42.1kg·hm-2,氨挥发主要来自化肥施用与畜禽养殖(分别贡献50%和39%).减少春夏时期肥料氮的输入(养分管理),有效截留雨季的降雨径流(水文控制)是该流域氮素管理的关键.