火焰原子吸收分光光度法与石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定环境空气中铅的对比研究

分别采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法和石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定标准样品和环境空气中的铅,并进行了对比分析。结果表明,两种方法都具有较高的准确度和精密度,无显著性差异。     

高浓度印染废水集中处理污水处理厂运行模式的探讨

介绍了绍兴污水处理厂春节枯水期、夏季高温以及污泥膨胀时这些不同情况下的运行情况进行分析,寻找规律,保证了污水处理厂能在不同的运行模式下能连续、稳定、预处理经济运行。     

牡丹江市土壤环境质量状况研究

通过测定牡丹江市土壤中13种重金属元素以及3种有机物含量,计算单项污染指数并对土壤污染程度进行分级.结果表明,牡丹江市土壤未受明显污染.     

城市交通低碳化的可能路径

低碳经济下的城市交通建设不仅要求建设足够的城市交通设施以满足居民对城市机动化的需求,同时必须发展与城市碳容系统相协调的交通体系以保持经济增长与环境需求间的动态平衡。因此中国在加快城市机动化推进的同时也面,陆着资源与环境问题的挑战。论文对中国如何发展城市交通低碳化进行了战略构想,从空间性减碳、技术性减碳和社会性减碳三方面着眼提出了可行性建议。     

Distribution and diversity of macrobenthic communities in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River北大核心CSCD

Macrobenthic communities are an important part of aquatic ecological system in the Yangtze River. Studies on macrobenthic community structure and diversity have important significance for development and protection of water resources in the Yangtze River. In this research, macrobenthic communities and their habitat in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River were investigated at 17 sites in May and September of 2013. Shannon-wiener diversity index was used to assess the diversity of macrobenthic communities. The results showed that there were 36 species at these 17 sites; the abundance and diversity of macrobenthic community were the highest in the Nanjing Reach and the Changzhou Reach, the lowest in the Nantong Reach of the Yangtze River. Nephthys sp., Grandidierella chaohuensis sp., Gammarus sp., Tubifex sp. and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were the dominant taxa in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River. Cluster analysis based on species abundance yielded four groups among the 17 sites. One-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) suggested significant differences in macrobenthic community structure among the four groups (P < 0.05). The results indicated that factors including aquatic plants, water flow velocity, sediment types and channels can influence the distribution and diversity of macrobenthic communities in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River.     

外源钙对两种价态锑胁迫下水稻幼苗吸收积累锑和钙的影响

通过溶液培养试验,研究外源钙对两种价态锑[Sb(III)和Sb(Ⅴ)]胁迫下水稻吸收积累锑和钙的影响。结果表明,这两种价态的Sb对水稻生长均有抑制作用,Sb(III)比Sb(Ⅴ)对水稻毒害更明显,施Ca可缓解Sb对水稻的毒害。Sb(III)和Sb(Ⅴ)的添加对水稻根系和茎叶吸收积累Ca影响不一致。当溶液中的Ca浓度为5.0 mmol·L-1时,添加三价Sb 10和30μmol·L-1均可以显著地降低水稻茎叶中的Ca含量15.7%和49.4%,但是添加Sb(Ⅴ)浓度为30μmol·L-1时,却分别提高水稻茎叶和根系Ca含量26.2%和50.4%。Ca的添加可以显著地降低水稻根系和茎叶对两个价态Sb的吸收积累。在30μmol·L-1Sb(III)处理下,添加5.0和20 mmol·L-1的Ca可导致水稻根系和水稻茎叶Sb浓度分别比对照处理降低19.0%-79.4%和42.6%-71.8%;在30μmol·L-1Sb(Ⅴ)处理下,添加5.0和20 mmol·L-1的Ca可导致水稻根系和水稻茎叶Sb浓度分别比对照处理降低34.3%-70.6%和74.1%-84.6%。Ca的添加对Sb在水稻根系和茎叶中的富集系数和分配比率也有显著影响。综上所述,可以通过施用Ca肥来防治农田Sb污染,降低Sb对人体健康的危害。     

Effects of water regime, crop residues, and application rates on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controlling Fusarium wilt, a widespread banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense(FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated(100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30℃ for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential(down to- 350 m V) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore,incorporating soil with straw(rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100%water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate banana Fusarium wilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30℃.     

基于WEBGIS的地震空间减灾信息化平台建设研究

地震已成为威胁人类生命、财产和社会经济发展最严重的自然灾害之一。针对当前地震应急减灾系统灾害信息获取时效性差、自动化和定量化程度低及信息集成共享等方面的不足,通过收集、整理地震灾害时空信息,结合灾区基础地理、多源遥感卫星影像及动态灾情信息,利用面向对象及主题的数据模型设计在线的地震应急减灾时空一体化数据库;提出了构建基于WEBGIS和空间技术的地震减灾信息化平台的总体设计架构、技术体系及功能模块;开发了平台原型系统,初步形成了地震灾害动态监测、灾害评估、灾情信息实时共享以及应急减灾辅助决策的一体化产品,为提高我国地震灾害应急减灾水平提供了借鉴作用。     

电子鼻检测污染土壤中挥发性氯代烃的适用性研究

开发了一套以光离子化传感器（PID）为核心的电子鼻系统,用于污染土壤中挥发性氯代烃的快速检测.用气相色谱（GC）分析评价了预处理管对苯系物等干扰物质的去除效果;用标准气体发生装置发生不同浓度的四氯乙烯和三氯乙烯气体,比较评价了电子鼻与GC检测结果的吻合程度及测试重现性.在此基础上,选取我国长三角地区三类典型水稻土进行模拟污染土壤的通风净化实验,评价了电子鼻系统用于实时监测挥发性氯代烯烃污染土壤修复进程的可行性.结果表明：①采用RAE-SEP卤代烃分离管进行预处理,甲苯、乙苯等苯系干扰物的去除率可达80%～97%,而四氯乙烯和三氯乙烯等挥发性氯代烃的选择性透过率高于90%;②电子鼻对不同浓度四氯乙烯和三氯乙烯气体的定量检测结果与GC结果相近,线性拟合斜率为1.012,相关系数R2〉0.99;③电子鼻对三类典型土壤通气脱附过程中污染物浓度的变化趋势的实时监测结果与GC检测结果基本一致,判定系数R2〉0.99（n=47）.因此,该电子鼻系统有望用于挥发性氯代烯烃污染土壤的快速检测,提高污染场地的风险评估和修复效率.     

深圳妈湾电厂温排水海洋生态影响回顾性评价

沿海地区电厂温排水在物理、化学、生物等方面对附近海域温度造成的影响越来越受到人们的关注。本文采用现场实测与数值模拟相结合的方法,确定电厂温排水的影响范围,模拟受纳水域的温升分布,评价温排水对海洋生态环境的影响程度,以期为近海海域热污染防治提供技术依据。