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761.
Ju L. Gan Xiao P. Jia Ting Jia Qin Lin Wen G. Cai 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):817-822
This investigation was undertaken to understand the temporal trend, the spatial distribution and the residue level of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorobenzenes(HCHs) in bivalves from the coast of the South China in recent years. Jinjiang oysters (Crassostrea rivularis) were sampled from 15 bays along the coast of Guangdong province, China between 2003 and 2007. Gas chromatography with electron capture detector was used to quantify the contents of HCH isomers (α-, β-, γ-, δ-HCH), DDT isomers (p,p′-, o,p′-DDT), p,p′-DDD and p,p′-DDE in the oyster tissues. The results demonstrate that annual level of DDTs in the tissue increase throughout the study, particularly between 2004 and 2006. The DDTs content in the tissue varied significantly among sampling regions and some sampling sites (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the HCHs content was significantly lower than DDTs content in the tissue (p < 0.01), and remain constant among sampling years, sampling regions and sampling sites (p > 0.10). Predominance of isomer form of DDTs and higher ratio of γ-HCH/HCHs at some sites indicated that recent input of DDT and lindane in the coastal waters of Guangdong, which might be caused by dicofol spraying in crop planting and lacquer painting on fisher boat. In the soft tissues of the oysters, the highest content of HCHs was 1.21 ng/g (wet weight), and DDTs levels ranged from 0.11 ng/g to 76.3 ng/g (wet weight), far below the Maximum Residual Limits in China and many developed nations. 相似文献
762.
Shujuan Wang Karen Poon Zongwei Cai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(1):552-557
3,4-Dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA), widely used in the synthesis of dyes, textile and herbicides, is toxic to living organisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the capability of green algae in degrading and removing 3,4-DCA in water. An environmentally ubiquitous green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa was isolated from fresh aquatic environment. Then unicellular alga was incubated with 3,4-DCA at a concentration of 4.6 μg/?mL in water. The residual concentration of 3,4-DCA in the medium and the metabolites were analyzed. A removal percentage of 78.4 % was obtained over a 7-day period. Two major metabolites with less toxicity were identified as 3,4-dichloroformanilide and 3,4-dichloroacetanilide from the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis. The application of microalga C. pyrenoidosa may have potential for removing the environmental pollutant in aquatic environment. 相似文献
763.
固态发酵法制备优势硝化菌固定化产品的工艺优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为解决高效菌在工程应用中扩大培养、保存和接种等瓶颈,研究固态发酵法制备焦化废水优势硝化菌固定化产品.以TTC脱氢酶活性法作为固体发酵生物量测定指标,通过液态发酵单因素实验初步确定硝化菌发酵条件,再用响应面法对其固态发酵条件进行优化.结果表明,TTC脱氢酶活性法适合作为表征生物质载体固定化产品生物量的测定方法,不受载体和培养时间的影响,能较好地指示干燥前固态发酵生物量的变化.固态发酵主要影响参数依次为发酵时间、发酵温度、接种量和含水率.发酵时间的最佳值为47 h,发酵温度最佳为29.4℃,接种量的最佳值为9.9 mL/200 mL,最佳含水率为48.9%时,固态发酵固定化产品酶活达到17.091 μg TF/(g·h).与液态发酵参数相比其发酵温度、接种量最佳值接近,但发酵时间由1d延长至2d,产品酶活持平. 相似文献
764.
765.
766.
三乙胺降解菌SYA-1的分离、降解性能与动力学 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从农药废水处理池的活性污泥中分离筛选得到1株高效三乙胺降解菌株SYA-1,根据菌株SYA-1的形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,此菌株鉴定为Achromobacter sp.。菌株SYA-1能以三乙胺为惟一碳、氮源生长,并在24 h内完全降解200 mg/L的三乙胺。环境因素影响实验表明,在温度30℃,初始pH 7.0,NaCl浓度≤10 g/L条件下,菌株SYA-1生长良好且对三乙胺的降解效率最佳;金属离子对菌株生长和三乙胺降解的抑制程度表现为:Cu2+Co2+Ag+Cd2+Fe3+Pb2+。菌株SYA-1降解三乙胺的动力学过程可用Haldane模型模拟,其参数为μmax=0.123h-1;K s=82 mg/L;K i=215 mg/L。为含三乙胺废水的生物降解提供了理论依据和菌株资源。 相似文献
767.
基于景区湖泊污染的多功能水域清理船设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对我国城市景区湖泊富营养化和垃圾污染严重,传统景区水域清理存在各种不足等问题,设计研发多功能水域清理船灭杀蓝藻和清理垃圾,恢复景区湖泊生态环境。结合景区湖泊污染实际状况,提出把臭氧灭杀蓝藻应用于景区湖泊清理的新概念,研发一艘可无线遥控、集打捞垃圾、过滤小型悬浮微粒和灭杀蓝藻功能于一体的多功能水域清理船。通过无线遥控多功能水域清理船,能全面清理湖面垃圾,过滤小型悬浮微粒,臭氧灭杀率能达到90%以上。利用多功能水域清理船能维护景区小湖泊生态环境,在各类景观水体和小型湖泊的污染治理中具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
768.
Degradation and detoxification of acetochlor in soils treated by organic and thiosulfate amendments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This work investigated the degradation and detoxification of acetochlor in a soil amended with an organic fertilizer or sodium thiosulfate (STS). Over an incubation period of 28 d, the residual acetochlor was measured, soil dehydrogenase activity was determined, and major degradates were identified. Results show that high-concentration acetochlor was persistent in the soil, as indicated by the depression in soil dehydrogenase activity. When the soil was amended with the organic fertilizer, the soil dehydrogenase activity was stimulated by supplemented nutrients, which resulted in a higher degradation of acetochlor. While STS did not significantly stimulate the soil dehydrogenase activity, acetochlor degraded more rapidly in STS-amended soil than in organic-amended soil. The Wright-Hobbie plots show that the influence of initial acetochlor concentration on degradation was dependent on the amendments. While the organic amendment resulted in the same degradate of acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid as in unamended soil, the STS amendment produced dechlorinated acetochlor thiosulfonic acid. The degradation of acetochlor in organic- and STS-amended soils thus occurred via different mechanisms. Further tests show that both degradates were less toxic to green algae than acetochlor. Both organic and STS amendments thus effectively degrade and detoxify acetochlor in soils. 相似文献
769.
On the use of PAH molecular diagnostic ratios in sewage sludge for the understanding of the PAH sources. Is this use appropriate? 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The concentrations ratios of specific pairs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely used for the qualitative determination of the PAHs sources. These ratios are called PAHs molecular diagnostic ratios and are commonly used for PAHs concentrations in air, soils and sediments. Some scientists have extended the use of these ratios also for sewage sludges, suggesting that calculation of these ratios by individual PAHs concentrations can be as effective as in soils or sediments. This paper describes the reason why the PAH molecular ratios calculated from sewage sludge concentrations should not be used for the understanding of the PAH sources. 相似文献
770.
微量NO2对厌氧氨氧化甲烷化反硝化耦合影响的动力学分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用批试验方法,研究微量 NO2对颗粒污泥厌氧氨氧化、甲烷化和反硝化耦合的影响.基于 Haldane 模型建立了厌氧氨氧化的 NO2 强化函数,估计了强化函数中的最大强化系数(30.55)、NO2 半饱和常数(1.96 mg/L)、NO2 抑制常数(0.0082 mg/L)和基础速率系数(0.0314).微量 NO2 对甲烷化和反硝化动力学可用反竞争性抑制动力学方程进行描述.甲烷化的最大比乙酸盐去除速率为0.15 mg COD/(mg VSS·h),乙酸盐半饱和常数为395 mg COD/L,NOz抑制系数为0.623 mg/L.反硝化的亚硝酸盐氮最大去除速率 0.00685 h-1,亚硝酸盐氮半饱和常数0.214 mg/L,NO2 抑制系数为22.4 mg/L.试验中大部分的 NOx 气体物质出现损失. 相似文献