华北地区CO2净排放比较优势时空特性分析

采用显示性比较优势理论,对2005-2010年我国华北地区5个省市人均CO2净排放和单位GDP CO2净排放的显示性比较优势做了分析;同时采用变异系数差异分析,结合空间自相关分析方法,对其空间格局和演变规律做了深入研究.研究发现,华北地区5省市人均CO2净排放高于全国平均水平.北京、天津、河北、山西4个省市出现下滑势头,而内蒙古自治区呈现大幅上升势头.山西单位GDP CO2净排放在全国最高,天津和北京低于全国平均水平.华北地区人均CO2净排放和单位GDP CO2净排放比较优势空间分别呈现负相关和正相关特性.     

贵州万山汞矿区汞的环境污染及对生态系统的影响

通过对贵州万山汞矿地区环境样品(水、土壤、植物、农作物和动物)的系统研究,发现该地区的环境汞污染以土壤、大气污染为主,水体基本处于正常范围.土壤汞含量为24.31～347.52mg·kg^-1,比全国土壤平均值高出2～3个数量级;水中汞含量除了冶炼厂荷花池中含量较高外,其它水体为0.10～0.68ng·mL^-1.由于矿山长期的开采和冶炼,整个环境的汞污染严重,当地的植被、农作物、动物中存在明显的汞蓄积,各种植物不同部位的汞含量为0.47～331.4mg·kg^-1;苔藓可以高度富集汞.     

火电厂烟气排放连续监测系统（CEMS）与参比方法监测数据差异分析

火电厂烟气排放连续监测系统（Colltinuous emissions monitoring systems）以下简称CEMS）是为环境执法机构提供数据,对企业的排污状况进行跟踪和管理的一个重要手段,环保技术部门参比方法（国家或行业发布的标准方法）是作为检验GEMS准确度的重要方法。2008年江苏省装机容量300MW以上火电厂GEMS比对监测的过程中,部分电厂CEMS与参比监测方法数据存在一定的差异,本文对此进行分析并找出原因,用参比的手工监测方法进行校验、指导CEMS,以此提高CEMS监测数据的代表性、准确性和可比性,让CEMS更好的服务于环境管理。     

基于计算机模拟的氯乙烯生产过程节能减排潜力分析

采用过程稳态模拟方法,通过计算机模拟、灵敏度分析、最优化分析手段对氯乙烯生产流程进行模拟计算。计算结果表明:在氯化氢合成、氯乙烯合成生产过程产生了大量的废酸,合成压缩机能耗过高,实际消耗的电能超过理论值的47%。最后根据模拟结果提出合成压缩机改造、VC合成水洗酸回收、氯化氢废酸水回收等清洁生产方案,达到了预期的节能减排要求。同时提出了清洁生产潜力定量分析新工具,可为该行业企业实施清洁生产和节能减排提供科学的思路和方法。     

Antibiotic contamination control mediated by manganese oxidizing bacteria in a lab-scale biofilter

Antibiotic micro-pollution is usually found at the ng/L–level in drinking water sources or discharge water of wastewater treatment plants. In this study, a novel approach mediated by manganese oxidizing bacteria (MnOB) in a biofilter was developed to control the pollution. The results indicated that the biogenic manganese oxide (MnO_x) produced during the oxidation of the feeding manganese ions could coat the surface of the filtering sand effecting the simultaneous removal of antibiotics. It was found that the removal of antibiotics is insured as long as the feeding manganese was well removed and was not influenced by the hydraulic loading. The growth rate of the MnOB group revealed that the antibiotic concentration at 50 and 100 ng/L promoted their activity, but it was inhibited at 500 and 1000 ng/L. The structure of the bacterial community was stable in the presence of antibiotics (50 ng/L), but their extracellular processes changed. The removal performance of the feeding manganese seemed to relate to the extracellular processes of the dominant bacterial genus. Moreover, the freshly formed MnO_x was a buserite-like material that was rich in Mn(III) and Mn(IV) (94.1%), favoring the degradation. The biofilter did not generate additional antibiotic resistant genes in the presence of antibiotics.     

Leaf metabolic influence of glyphosate and nanotubes on the Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere

Chemical exposure can indirectly affect leaf microbiota communities, but the mechanism driving this phenomenon remains largely unknown. Results revealed that the co-exposure of glyphosate and multi-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) caused a synergistic inhibitory effect on the growth and metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana shoots. However, only a slight inhibitory effect was induced by nanotubes or glyphosate alone at the tested concentrations. Several intermediate metabolites of nitrogen metabolism and fatty acid synthesis pathways were upregulated under the combined treatment, which increased the amount of energy required to alleviate the disruption caused by the combined treatment. Additionally, compared with the two individual treatments, the glyphosate/nanotube combination treatment induced greater fluctuations in the phyllosphere bacterial community members with low abundance (relative abundance (RA) <1%) at both the family and genus levels, and among these bacteria some plant growth promotion and nutrient supplement related bacteria were markable increased. Strikingly, strong correlations between phyllosphere bacterial diversity and metabolites suggested a potential role of leaf metabolism, particularly nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism, in restricting the range of leaf microbial taxa. These correlations between phyllosphere bacterial diversity and leaf metabolism will improve our understanding of plant-microbe interactions and the extent of their drivers of variation and the underlying causes of variability in bacterial community composition.     

吉林省辉发河底泥重金属污染评价

辉发河为第二松花江的第一大支流,其污染情况对第二松花江和松花湖的环境影响较大.本文以辉发河底泥为研究对象,测定了底泥中砷、镉、铬、铜、汞、铅和锌等重金属元素含量,探讨了重金属元素分布特点,并采用沉积物基准法和地质累积指数法对重金属污染情况进行了评价.结果表明,辉发河底泥砷、镉、铬、铜、汞、铅和锌平均含量分别为5.9、0.162、71.1、17.6、0.037、21.5 mg/kg和53.3 mg/kg,含量水平比较低,各重金属元素在辉发河干流底泥中含量变化规律基本一致;综合两种污染评价方法结果可知,辉发河底泥中重金属总体污染水平较低,污染元素主要为Cr、Pb、Hg和As.     

共代谢在难生物降解污水处理中的应用

本文简介生物共代谢机理及工程应用的实例,生活污水的共代谢效率可使难生物降解工业污水CODCr去除率提升21.5％,而葡萄糖的共代谢效率可使CODCr去除率提升38.5％,具有明显的降解效果。     

白腐真菌菌丝球形成的物化条件及其对铅的吸附

为了探讨影响微生物菌丝球生长的物理化学因素和控制菌丝球大小的规律以及微生物吸附重金属的效果,对黄孢展齿革菌（Ｐｈａｎｅｒｏｃｈａｅｔｅｃｈｒｙｓｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）呈球状体生长和用此菌丝球吸附水溶液中的Ｐｂ＾２＋进行了研究。     

常州市典型工业废水综合急性毒性评估

以不同营养级别的藻(生产者)、溞(消费者)和发光细菌(分解者)为指示生物,在发光细菌急性毒性、大型溞急性毒性和叶绿素荧光急性毒性实验这三者的基础上,采用毒性分级体系(toxicity classification system)对常州市六种典型企业原水和处理出水的综合急性毒性进行了评估及比较。结果表明,六种典型企业原水都具有明显的急性毒性,电镀厂、食品厂和综合污水处理厂的处理出水基本无毒,毒性削减明显,但化工厂、印染厂和电子厂处理出水具有较高的急性毒性,而理化指标监测结果表明这六种处理出水可以直接排放。废水综合急性毒性大小和理化指标结果没有必然联系,应进一步完善理化监测指标,强制性增加生物毒性指标的监测。