中压加氢裂化装置危险和可操作性研究

针对中压加氢裂化生产过程存在很大的火灾、爆炸、毒害等危险性的特点，以加氢裂化反应器出口至冷高压分离器进口之间管线为分析节点，对工艺参数流量可能发生的各种偏差进行了危险和可操作性研究，找出了偏差发生的原因及可能导致的后果，提出了相应的控制措施，对提高装置的安全可靠性，预防和减少事故发生具有重要作用。     

利用超声波CT的容器内温度测量

本研究的目的是建立一种应用超声波CT原理测量容器内温度分布的非破坏性检测方法.为了详细描述超声波穿过铝管的传播过程(铝管内装满水),基于FDM(有限差分方法)编制的计算机源码用于计算机模拟,计算模拟结果与测定的超声传播时间相当吻合.同时,建立了一套温度测量的实验装置,以测定管道内的平均温度和温度分布,在温度分布测量中,CT技术被用于测量管道内的对称温度分布.结果显示整个测定系统的测量误差不超过±2度.     

Kinetics study on catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol by several metal oxide catalysts

Four metal oxide catalysts composed of copper (Cu), stannum (Sn), copper-stannum (Cu-Sn) and copper-cerium(Cu-Ce) respectively were prepared by the co-impregnation method, and γ-alumina(γ-Al2O3 ) is selected as support. A first-order kinetics model was established to study the catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol at different temperature when these catalysts were used. The model simulations are good agreement with present experimental data. Results showed that the reaction rate constants can be significantly increased when catalysts were used, and the catalyst of 6% Cu-10% Ce/γ-Al2 O3 showed the best catalytic activity. This is consistent witht he result of catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol and the COD removal can be arrived at 98.2% at temperature 210℃, oxygen partial pressure 3 MPa and reaction time 30 rain. The activation energies of each reaction with different catalysts are nearly equal, which is found to be about 42 kJ/mol and the reaction in this study is proved to be kinetics control.     

Straw bio-degradation by acidogenic bacteria and composite fungi

A composite microbial system, including a strain of Candida tropicalis (W3), a strain of Lactobacillus plantarm(WY3) and three strains of basidiomycete pL104, pL113 and C33, was chosen to degrade com straw.The final pH was acid owing to the inoculation of acidogenic bacteria, and under this condition the composite fungi system could produce complex enzyme to destroy the compact structure of corn straw. The experimental results showed that the biomass of composite fungi could reach up to maximum when the pH value was 4.5. Through the bio-degradation by combining acidogenic bacteria with the composite fungi system, the cellulose, hemi-ceUulose and lignin degradation rates of corn straw powder were 26.36%, 43.30% and 26.96%, respectively. And the gross crude protein content increased 60.41%. This study provided the evidence for the feasibility of developing a composite microbial system with high capability of degrading straw lignocelluloses in order to make reasonable use of straw resource and protect rural eco-environment.     

Characteristics of aerobic granules grown on glucose a sequential batch shaking reactor

Aerobic heterotrophic granular sludge was cultivated in a sequencing batch shaking reactor(SBSR) in which a synthetic wastewater containing glucose as carbon source was fed. The characteristics of the aerobic granules were investigated. Compared with the conventional activated sludge flocs, the aerobic granules exhibit excellent physical characteristics in terms of settleability, size, shape, biomass density, and physical strength.Scanning electron micrographs revealed that in mature granules little filamentous bacteria could be found, rod-shaded and coccoid bacteria were the dominant microorqanisms.     

地震作用下含泥岩夹层盐岩储气库的动态响应

为探讨含泥岩夹层盐岩储气库的抗震稳定性,利用有限差分法软件FLAC^3D,建立了深部盐岩储气库数值模型,研究了地震作用下含泥岩夹层盐岩储气库的动态响应,包括储气库围岩的应力状态变化,地震动幅值,变形特性和稳定性等。结果表明:在地震作用下,泥岩夹层及其附近盐岩中等效应力明显大于相邻部位,此处为抗震薄弱部位;储气库围岩地震动幅值较大,但向内空变形很小,呈现“整体运动”的特点;流变性盐岩塑性区变化不大,弹塑性泥岩夹层塑性区随地震加速度幅值增大而扩展;较高工作内压和围岩的联合约束作用,使地震作用下含泥岩夹层盐岩储气库可保持其整体稳定性。     

京沪高速氯气泄漏以及处置过程对水体环境的影响

本文对京沪高速淮阴区段发生的氯气泄漏事故对周围水体的污染进行了分析,提出了处理意见。     

我国半导体工业的产品代谢研究

利用产品代谢分析方法首次对我国半导体工业的整体硅元素和能源利用率进行了定量研究.根据我国半导体工业的产品代谢模型计算得出2002年我国半导体工业的硅元素利用率为2.6%,每生产1 kg硅总能耗为5 704kW·h,而1998年全球半导体工业硅元素平均利用率为9.6%,生产1kg硅总能耗为2 130 kW·h.进一步在产品链和关键环节分析基础上,确定了我国在硅元素利用率和能源利用率上与世界平均水平差距最大的环节.通过成因分析,提出了改善措施和途径.      

不同工况耦合生物反应器处理低C/N比生活污水试验

在全程好氧工况或低氧+厌氧+好氧工况下,采用耦合生物反应器处理低CN生活污水和污泥减量的试验结果表明:在进水CODCr负荷0.80～1.20kg(m3·d)、NH+4N浓度70～90mgL、TN浓度75～110mgL、HRT=8h、温度约25℃条件下,CODCr和NH4N去除率均可达85%和90%以上;采用低氧+厌氧+好氧工况较全程好氧工况具有更高的TN去除率和更低的污泥产率,其TN去除率高达81.1%,污泥产率为0.065kgkg。     

二氧化氯消毒无机副产物的产生及控制

二氧化氯消毒的副产物(DBPs)主要以无机的亚氯酸根和氯酸根为主,其中亚氯酸根可能对人体健康产生负面影响。本文在国内外大量研究资料的基础上,结合我国应用二氧化氯的实践,分析了二氧化氯消毒无机副产物的产生及可行的去除方法,认为用亚铁还原法控制及去除亚氯酸根是一种经济合理行之有效的方法,同时对硫化物还原法、活性炭吸附法和臭氧氧化法的特点进行了比较,对二氧化氯消毒工艺的正确应用进行了探讨。