The dissipation and risk assessment of 2,4-D sodium,a preharvest anti-fruit-drop plant hormone in bayberries

Preharvest fruit-drop is a challenge to bayberry production. 2,4-D sodium as a commonly used anti-fruit-drop hormone on bayberry can reduce the yield loss caused by preharvest fruit-drop. The persistence and risk assessment of 2,4-D sodium after applying on bayberries were investigated. A method for determining 2,4-D sodium in bayberry was established based on LC-MS-MS. The average recoveries of 2,4-D sodium were at the range of 93.7–95.8% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.9 to 2.8%. The dissipation rates of 2,4-D sodium were described using first-order kinetics, and its half-life ranged from 11.2 to 13.8 days. A bayberry consumption survey was carried out for Chinese adults for the first time. The safety assessments of 2,4-D sodium were conducted by using field trail data as well as monitoring data. Results showed that the chronic risk quotient and the acute risk quotient were calculated to be 0.23–0.59 and 0.02–0.05%, respectively, for Chinese adults, indicating low dietary risk for adults and children. In the end, the household cleaning steps were compared, and results showed that water rinsing for 1 min can remove 49.9% 2,4-D sodium residue, which provides pesticide removal suggestion for consumers.

     

悬浮结晶法冷冻处理喹乙醇生产废液

采用悬浮结晶法处理喹乙醇生产废液,考察了成冰率(冰晶融化后的体积占原水总体积的百分比)对废液COD、氨氮、TN和电导率去除效果的影响。在一级冷冻成冰率45%的条件下,经过三级冷冻处理后,三级出水的COD、氨氮、TN和电导率的去除率分别为99.4%、98.7%、98.5%和98.2%,一级浓缩液的COD、氨氮和TN的浓缩比分别为1.6、1.5和1.5;在一级冷冻成冰率80%的条件下,每一级出水的各项指标的去除率均有所下降,三级出水的COD、氨氮、TN和电导率的去除率分别为98.6%、98.3%、97.1%和95.9%,但一级浓缩液的浓缩比明显提高,COD、氨氮和TN的浓缩比分别为2.7、2.2和2.4。成冰率为80%时一级浓缩液的热值为7 449 J/g,在焚烧过程中可以依靠自身热量维持燃烧,不需要添加辅助燃料,减少焚烧处理的成本。     

化学氮肥对蔬菜硝酸盐污染影响的研究

蔬菜是一种容易富集硝酸盐的作物,菜农为了获得高产,而超量施用化学氮肥,致使蔬菜硝酸盐累积量剧增,品质恶化。研究表明：筛选出氯化铵和硫酸铵两种氮肥;施氮剂量每hm²以200kg为临界值;施氮安全始期,以追氮后8天上市为宜;化学氮肥与厩肥、土杂肥配用,能有效控制和降低蔬菜硝酸盐的累积分别达67.4％和45.7％。硝酸盐是亚硝胺的前体物,应减轻其对人体健康的潜在危害,并提高蔬菜品质。     

苎麻脱胶废水喷淋锅炉烟气除尘脱硫降碱的实验研究

利用苎麻脱胶碱性废水喷淋锅炉烟气,可降低烟气中的粉尘、SO₂;采用中和碱性废水可节省原水膜除尘所耗的自来水。结果表明,碱性废水喷淋烟气对SO₂的脱除率是自来水喷淋效果的40倍,粉尘去除率高于自来水喷淋的33％,COD下降18％。为造纸、制药、印染等企业提供了碱性废水前处理新工艺。     

硫酸生产中污染物的综合治理研究

采用硫铁矿焙烧废渣制取纯度95％以上的硫酸亚铁,并利用硫酸亚铁净化低浓度二氧化硫制酸尾气和高砷烟气洗涤废水,结果表明,处理后的制酸尾气中SO2含量低于500ppm,且含有硫酸亚铁的吸收液中硫酸浓度达10％～20％;处理后的含砷废水,砷含量低于0.5mg/L;用此综合治理方法可得多种副产品,为企业创造一定的经济效益;为以硫铁矿为原料的硫酸厂综合治理生产中的污染物提供了可行的途径。     

光诱导下农药的化学转化及其环境意义

农药在光诱导下进行的化学转化是重要的非生物转化途径,其过程和产物对农药药效、代谢、毒性及环境影响重大.近年来,在国外已成为十分活跃的研究领域.本文着重论述农药环境光化学基本概念,主要光化学反应类型及光诱导下农药化学转化的环境意义。     

液相催化氧化净化低浓度SO2生产复肥研究

以氨气作为SO_2吸收辅助原料,在中性条件下,就Fe、Cu、Mn、Co四种有利作物生长的金属离子对SO_2水溶液的催化氧化特性做了研究,结果表明,当SO_2吸收效率≥85％时,可得到的(NH_4)_2SO_4母液浓度高达56(Wt％),母液浓缩结晶后得到三种复肥产品,产品成分符合作物使用要求.     

用微生物群落评价水系的自组织人工神经网络方法

利用原生物群落在PFU上群集过程中的变化,可以评价水质和监测水污染,运用T．Kohonen自组织人工神经网络模型,根据NacArthur－Wilson平衡模型提出了3个功能参数和另外2个结构参数,对常德市16个站四季的水质进行了分析,建立了水质污染程度预测的计算机智能专家系统,预测成功率达100％。     

Nitrogen-enriched micro-mesoporous carbon derived from polymers organic frameworks for high-performance capacitive deionization

Nitrogenization is an effective method for improving the capacitive deionization（CDI） performance of porous carbon materials. In particular, polymer organic frameworks with heteroatom doping, containing an ordered pore structure and excellent electrochemical stability, are ideal precursors for carbon materials for high-performance CDI. In this study, a nitrogen-enriched micro-mesoporous carbon（NMC） electrode was fabricated by carbonizing a Schiff base network-1 at 500, 600, and 700 °C. Scanning ...     

碱熔法回收废催化剂中的钴、钼和铝

采用碱熔法从废钴钼催化剂中回收钴、钼和铝。该方法的工艺过程为 :将废催化剂与纯碱按质量比 1∶1 8混合 ,在焙烧温度 90 0℃条件下 ,焙烧 2h ;用 2倍于熔块的沸水浸取30min ;用稀硫酸调浸取液 pH至 6 ,浸取液中的铝形成氢氧化铝被回收 ;然后除盐并回收钼酸钠 ;使酸浸黑渣中的钴形成氢氧化钴并脱水氧化成为氧化钴。用该工艺回收铝、钼和钴 ,其回收率可达 95 %以上 ,回收产品的纯度可达 97%以上。