北京燕山石化区土壤苯并(a)芘污染及其环境容量研究

本研究采用网格布点法对燕山石化区农田每一平方公里采集土样,同步采集农作物样品,对其苯并(a)芘进行残留量测定。并把无污染的同类土壤背景值作为评价标准。结果表明,土壤中BaP非污染面积占54.14％,轻度污染占12.27％,中度污染占12.03％,重度污染占21.66％;粮食中BaP的重度污染占43.06％。其污染程度:污灌重于混灌,混灌重于清灌。结合盆栽模拟试验,应用图论工具建立的数学模型,研究了BaP的土壤环境容量。      

长白山北坡林线处岳桦年轮年表及其与气候的关系

运用相关函数及响应分析等树木年轮气候学方法,研究了长白山北坡林线处岳桦(Betula ermanii)径向生长及其与气候的关系.结果表明,林线处岳桦年轮宽度年表具有较强的气候敏感性.其径向生长与上年7月和当年3月的温度显著负相关(P<0.05),与上年9月和当年7月的温度显著正相关;同时与上年6月降水量显著正相关.与季节性气候因子的响应分析表明,岳桦径向生长与当年春季(1～3月)和当年生长季前(4、5月)的平均温度呈显著负相关,与当年生长季前的平均最高温度显著正相关,与降水量的相关关系不显著.利用多元逐步回归方法模拟了岳桦年轮宽度指数与气候因子间的关系,并据此预测在温度和降水增加的背景下,林线处岳桦径向生长将降低14.8%.     

中国典型生态区生态破坏经济损失分析和分区

为了把当好经济发展过程中各种生态环境到的破坏,通过定量或半定量的折算,以经济损失形式表现出来,综合评价某一地区人类活动对生态环境的影响,对广东和海南等１１个省（区）的生态破坏经济损失进行了计算和估值,对分析结果进行综合评价,建立了各省经济损失的相关模式和诊断模式,经济开发与生态破坏的相关模式和各经济评价参数,可作为其它生态环境,经济开发类似地区的推算模式,用诊断模式可对某地区的生态破坏经济损失进行     

Addressing data challenges in riverine nutrient load modeling of an intensively managed agro-industrial watershed

Data limitations often challenge the reliability of water quality models, especially in intensively managed watersheds. While numerous studies report successful hydrological model setup and calibration, few have addressed in detail the data challenges for multisite and multivariable model calibration to an intensively managed watershed. In this study, we address some of these challenges based on our reflective experience calibrating the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to the Upper Sangamon River Watershed in central Illinois based on daily flow, annual crop yield, and monthly sediment, nitrate, and total phosphorus loads. We highlight some challenges in SWAT calibration processes due to data errors and inconsistencies, and insufficient precipitation and water quality observations. Following, we demonstrate the merits of additional weather and water quality observations that could help reduce input uncertainties, and we provide suggestions for selecting appropriate observations for the model calibration. After dealing with the data issues, we show that the SWAT model could be calibrated with acceptable results for the case study watershed.     

利用多晶硅生产废物制备偏硅酸钠

利用多晶硅生产废物制备偏硅酸钠.将多晶硅生产废物水解生成偏硅酸沉淀,水解温度应控制在40℃以下,水与多晶硅生产废物质量比10～12为宜,溶液pH应控制在2.0～2.5.向偏硅酸中加入质量分数为45%的NaOH溶液制备偏硅酸钠,pH控制在12.5,降温速率控制在1.0℃/min.采用该方法制备的偏硅酸钠完全符合HG/T2568-94<工业偏硅酸钠化工行业标准>的优等品指标.     

A new joint publication

Special FeatureWaste Management Research in Korea

A new joint publication     

Detection of phosphorus species in sediments of artificial landscape lakes in China by fractionation and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Phosphorus (P) pollution in the sediments of seven artificial landscape lakes was studied via fractionation and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P NMR) spectroscopy. The lake sediments accumulated significant amounts of P from supplementation with reclaimed water and from runoff from the golf course lawns. The differences in total sediment P among lakes were correlated to the varied pollution extent from the lawns. One striking feature of the artificial lake sediments was the insufficiency of NaOH-extracted Al, which plays an important role in avoiding internal P release during anoxia. Another characteristic was the dominance of orthophosphate in the NaOH-EDTA extractants of the sediments, due to the heavy external P pollution. Phytate, considered prevalent in many soils and lake sediments, as well as polyphosphates and phosphonates which have appeared in some natural lake sediments, was not detected. The rank order of present biogenic P species was monoester-P>DNA-P>pyrophosphate>lipid-P.     

医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属形态分析

利用原子吸收光谱仪分别对医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属含量和重金属形态及其随颗粒度分布特性进行了分析,结果表明,飞灰中Cd、Zn、Pb等的浸出浓度远超标与这些重金属的可交换态和碳酸盐态含量较高有关;飞灰颗粒度主要在96 μm以下,96～150 μm的颗粒中Cd、Pb含量最高,且Zn、Cd的形态以可交换态为主.     

中温焙烧/钠化氧化法回收电镀污泥中的铬

采用中温焙烧/钠化氧化法从电镀污泥中回收铬.结果表明,影响铬浸出率的最主要因素为焙烧温度.电镀污泥与碳酸钠质量比、焙烧时间、水浸时间对铬浸出率的影响较接近,在水浸水固比为10.0 ; 1.0(质量比)、室温、焙烧温度为650℃、焙烧时间为2.0h、电镀污泥与碳酸钠质量比为1:1、水浸时间为60 min的最佳浸出条件下,铬浸出率为99.3%;去除氢氧化铝、氢氧化锌的最佳反应温度和pH分别为90～95℃和7.5;去除硫酸钠晶体的最佳pH为4.0,在最佳试验条件下,铬回收率为90.57%.     

杭州城市可吸入颗粒物污染与气象条件关系的分级评价和BP神经网络评估

为了解杭州城市环境空气质量与气象条件之间的关系,利用杭州市区2003-2007年的可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度数据和气象资料,通过分级评价的方法和基于BP神经网络的污染物浓度评估模型,得到PM10浓度与气象条件的对应关系.结果表明,随着日降水量的增大,PM10浓度减小;风速与PM10浓度呈明显的负相关,随着风速的增大,PM10浓度明显减小;气象因素与PM10浓度之间呈非线性关系,大气能见度对PM10和相对湿度的变化极为敏感.随着PM10浓度的增大,大气能见度迅速降低,相对湿度越高,大气能见度则越低;近几年杭州市气象条件不利于大气污染物的扩散和清洗,是杭州城市环境空气质量上升缓慢的主要原因之一.