南水北调中线工程与汉江中下游地区农业的持续发展

南水北调中线工程是指从汉江的丹江口水库引水供给华北地区,同时考虑鄂,豫两省汉江唐白河流域和淮河流域的需水要求的战略性工程,是调整水资源的空白布局,解决我国北方缺水问题的紧迫任务。汉江中下游地区是湖北省的粮仓和重要的产业基地,是汉江流域经济发展的中心。由于调水的影响,汉江丹江口以下的流量及季节性分配将发生变化,航运,水质,农业灌溉,工业生产以及城市发展等将受到不同程度的影响,直接关系到汉江中下游地区     

Organic compounds and trace metals of anthropogenic origin in sediments from Montego Bay,Jamaica: assessment of sources and distribution pathways

Surface sediments throughout Montego Bay, Jamaica were collected in 1995 and analyzed for their trace metal and trace organic contaminant content. A variety of trace metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, coprostanol as well as chlorinated hydrocarbons such as pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were detected and provide evidence for several anthropogenic inputs to the bay. Two main sources of these chemicals are the Montego River and the North Gully, the latter being more significant. Particle-associated pollutants were found to be distributed along the Montego River plume, as well as being transported by the prevailing water currents to the South-Western sections of the bay, probably through re-suspension of enriched fine sediments from the North Gully outfall area.     

黄杆菌ND3菌株的分离和降解萘的研究

从工业污水中分离出高效降解萘的菌株黄杆菌ＮＤ３,该菌株还能降解水杨酸,对翔基苯甲和苯乙酸,对氨苄青霉素和氯霉素具有抗性,含有一个大质粒。适合该菌株生长的最适培养条件被确定。在最适培养条件下,ＮＤ３菌株对萘的降解率达９８％以上。     

An overview of nanomaterials applied for removing dyes from wastewater

Organic dyes are one of the most commonly discharged pollutants in wastewaters; however, many conventional treatment methods cannot treat them effectively. Over the past few decades, we have witnessed rapid development of nanotechnologies, which offered new opportunities for developing innovative methods to treat dye-contaminated wastewater with low price and high efficiency. The large surface area, modified surface properties, unique electron conduction properties, etc. offer nanomaterials with excellent performances in dye-contaminated wastewater treatment. For examples, the agar-modified monometallic/bimetallic nanoparticles have the maximum methylene blue adsorption capacity of 875.0 mg/g, which are several times higher than conventional adsorbents. Among various nanomaterials, the carbonaceous nanomaterials, nano-sized TiO₂, and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) are considered as the most promising nanomaterials for removing dyes from water phase. However, some challenges, such as high cost and poor separation performance, still limit their engineering application. This article reviewed the recent advances in the nanomaterials used for dye removal via adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, and biological treatment. The modification methods for improving the effectiveness of nanomaterials are highlighted. Finally, the current knowledge gaps of developing nanomaterials on the environmental application were discussed, and the possible further research direction is proposed.     

Key factors affecting spatial variation of methane emissions from freshwater marshes

To understand the mechanism for spatial variation of CH(4) emissions from marshes grown with different type of plants in a region and plots within a certain marsh grown with one type of plants, we measured CH(4) emissions from a region in which eutrophic freshwater marshes were divided into three types: Carex lasiocarpa, Carex meyeruana and Deyeuxia angustifolia according to plant type as well as CH(4) concentration in porewater, aboveground plant biomass and stem density in situ in Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China in August 2001. Spatial variation of CH(4) emissions from both different marshes in a region and different plots within a certain marsh was high. The flux rates of CH(4) emissions from three marshes ranged from 17.2 to 66.5 mg CH(4) m(-2)h(-1) with 34.76% of variation coefficient, whereas the values in Carex lasiocarpa, Carex meyeriana and Deyeuxia angustifolia marshes varied from 21.6 to 66.5 (39.61%), from 17.2 to 45.0 (29.26%) and from 19.1 to 33.0 mg CH(4) m(-2)h(-1) (17.51%), respectively. Both the flux rates and spatial variation of CH(4) emissions strongly increased as standing water depth increased significantly. Standing water depth greatly governed the spatial variation of CH(4) emissions from different marshes in a region by changing the amount of plant litters inundated in standing water, which provided labile organic C for methanogens and controlled CH(4) concentrations in porewater. Moreover, the aboveground plant biomass determined spatial variation of CH(4) emissions from plots within a certain marsh by controlling the pathways (stem density) of CH(4) emissions from the marsh into the atmosphere.     

某卷烟厂卷接机组集中风力与除尘系统的应用

结合贵州某卷烟厂技术改造实践，采用集中工艺风力和除尘技术，对PASSIM和SUPER9卷接机组的工艺风力供给方式和除尘系统进行了改进。对于系统的结构、可靠性、调节性、稳定性进行了分析，改造后集中风力系统较常规风力系统在经济效益和工作环境上具有显著优势，降低了运行成本。     

Time domain reflectometry measured moisture content of sewage sludge compost across temperatures

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a prospective measurement technology for moisture content of sewage sludge composting material; however, a significant dependence upon temperature has been observed. The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of temperature upon moisture content measurement and determine if TDR could be used to monitor moisture content in sewage sludge compost across a range of temperatures. We also investigated the combined effects of temperature and conductivity on moisture content measurement. The results revealed that the moisture content of composting material could be determined by TDR using coated probes, even when the measured material had a moisture content of 0.581 cm³ cm^?3, temperature of 70 °C and conductivity of 4.32 mS cm^?1. TDR probes were calibrated as a function of dielectric properties that included temperature effects. When the bulk temperature varied from 20 °C to 70 °C, composting material with 0.10–0.70 cm³ cm^?3 moisture content could be measured by TDR using coated probes, and calibrations based on different temperatures minimized the errors.     

国内现有露天矿大气污染源防治技术的调查与分析

在现场调查和函凋及查阅大量的文献资料的基础上,较全面地掌握了国内露天矿通风防尘实用技术措施的实施状况,分析了国内露天矿通风防尘实用技术措施的特点及其适用性。     

安全状态评价模型构模原理及其状态程度与状态存在程度的表达方法研究

运用系统科学理论对安全状态评价模型构模原理进行阐述;根据评价系统状态的模糊性特征,结合人们对安全状态的认识、理解和接受方式,提出了评价系统状态程度与状态存在的可能性多值表达方法