Nitrous oxide and dinitrogen emissions from soil under different water regimes and straw amendment

In a laboratory study, soil amended with and without wheat straw (2.8 g kg(-1) soil) was incubated under 70% water holding capacity (WHC), continuously flooded and flooded/drained cycle conditions at 30 degrees C for 51 days. Dinitrogen and N2O evolution and ammonia volatilisation were measured during the incubation. Extractable NH4+-N and NO3--N were determined at the end of the incubation. Entrapped N2, N2O, and dissolved NH4+-N and NO3--N in drainage water were measured in the flooded/drained cycle treatment when the floodwater was drained. The results indicated that N loss through ammonia volatilisation was undetected in all treatments due to the low soil pH value (pHH2O= 5.87) and no air movement. The recovery of urea-15N as N2 was lowest in the continuously flooded treatments (0.75% and 0.96% with and without straw amendment, respectively), highest in the 70% WHC treatments (5.65% and 4.41%, respectively), and intermediate in the flooded/drained cycle treatments (1.79% and 2.65%, respectively). The recovery of urea-15N as N2O was in the same order as that of N2, negligible in the continuously flooded treatments, 0.01% and 0.07% in the flooded/drained cycle treatments, and 1.29% and 2.23% in the 70% WHC treatments, respectively. Peak N2O evolution rates were observed after the floodwater was drained but no substantial evolution was found after the soil was reflooded following drained periods. However, peak N2 evolution rates were observed after the onset of both drainage and re-flooding. Considerable quantities of N2 but no detectable N2O were entrapped in the flooded soil.     

紫外诱变黄孢原毛平革菌染料脱色研究

对黄孢原毛平革菌孢子悬浮液进行了紫外诱变,并将筛选出的优势菌ZWYB1与未经诱变的菌作对比实验,结果表明:诱变筛选得到的ZWYB1不仅可缩短对染料的脱色时间,提高对杂环类染料蕃红花红及高浓度染料400 mg/L的孔雀石绿的脱色效果,而且诱变后的菌种具有一定的脱色能力稳定性.     

旋风静电除尘器流场分布测试研究

利用五孔探针系统对直筒式旋风静电除尘器模型的三维流场进行了测定与分析。结果表明：随着入口风速、供电电压增加，旋风静电除尘器内气流的切向和径向速度分别增加，各截面轴向速度沿半径的分布基本相似；与旋风除尘器相比，旋风静电除尘器内气流的切向速度和径向速度的变化更为平缓，入口风速为8．5m／s时，在0．3～0．5倍简体直径时，切向速度达最大。     

紫外诱变黄孢原毛平革菌染料脱色研究

对黄孢原毛平革菌孢子悬浮液进行了紫外诱变，并将筛选出的优势菌ZWYB1与未经诱变的菌作对比实验，结果表明：诱变筛选得到的ZWYB1不仅可缩短对染料的脱色时间，提高对杂环类染料蕃红花红及高浓度染料400mg／L的孔雀石绿的脱色效果，而且诱变后的菌种具有一定的脱色能力稳定性。     

土壤中绿磺隆残留量生物测定方法

用生物测定方法测定了土壤中绿磺隆残留量，建立了绿磺隆浓度（Ｙ）与玉米根长（Ｘ）之间的相关模式：Ｙ＝３０．５６２－３６．３８ＩｎＸ＋１４．８２８（ＩｎＸ）￣２＋２．０４３（ＩｎＸ）￣３．此模式适用于土壤中０．１～４．０μｇ／ｋｇ浓度范围的绿磺隆残留量测定，最低检出量为０．１μｇ／ｋｇ。     

大气环境中O_3测试方法的研究

靛蓝二磺酸钠（ＩＤＳ）浓度对Ｏ３的吸收效率影响很大，增加ＩＤＳ的浓度将增大ＩＤＳ与Ｏ３的碰撞概率，因此，用一支单层玻板吸收管就能测定大气中的Ｏ３，其吸收效率可达１００％。     

填料对厌氧移动床生物膜反应器运行效果的影响

通过对装有不同填料的2个厌氧移动床生物膜反应器(R1和R2)的有机负荷、COD去除率、沼气产量及其组成、出水挥发性有机酸(VFA)和出水pH值的对比,得出在填料充填率相同、进水COD和进水pH相似的情况下,填料比表面积是影响厌氧移动床生物膜反应器运行效果的主要因素.R1中填料的比表面积为528 m2/m3,R2中填料比表面积为211m2/m3.在整个运行阶段,填料比表面较大的R1反应器的运行结果较好.试验结束时,R1与R2的有机负荷比为1.61,而R1与R2填料上的污泥量之比为4.42.     

Key factors affecting spatial variation of methane emissions from freshwater marshes

To understand the mechanism for spatial variation of CH(4) emissions from marshes grown with different type of plants in a region and plots within a certain marsh grown with one type of plants, we measured CH(4) emissions from a region in which eutrophic freshwater marshes were divided into three types: Carex lasiocarpa, Carex meyeruana and Deyeuxia angustifolia according to plant type as well as CH(4) concentration in porewater, aboveground plant biomass and stem density in situ in Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China in August 2001. Spatial variation of CH(4) emissions from both different marshes in a region and different plots within a certain marsh was high. The flux rates of CH(4) emissions from three marshes ranged from 17.2 to 66.5 mg CH(4) m(-2)h(-1) with 34.76% of variation coefficient, whereas the values in Carex lasiocarpa, Carex meyeriana and Deyeuxia angustifolia marshes varied from 21.6 to 66.5 (39.61%), from 17.2 to 45.0 (29.26%) and from 19.1 to 33.0 mg CH(4) m(-2)h(-1) (17.51%), respectively. Both the flux rates and spatial variation of CH(4) emissions strongly increased as standing water depth increased significantly. Standing water depth greatly governed the spatial variation of CH(4) emissions from different marshes in a region by changing the amount of plant litters inundated in standing water, which provided labile organic C for methanogens and controlled CH(4) concentrations in porewater. Moreover, the aboveground plant biomass determined spatial variation of CH(4) emissions from plots within a certain marsh by controlling the pathways (stem density) of CH(4) emissions from the marsh into the atmosphere.     

不同pH值条件下Fe3+、Cu2＋和Zn2＋对厨余垃圾两相厌氧消化水解酸化过程的影响

通过间歇实验研究了在pH=7和不调节pH两种情况下添加不同浓度的Fe^3＋、Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋对厌氧消化水解酸化阶段有机酸组分和含量的影响。结果表明，pH=7时，添加50 mg/L Fe^3＋和30 mg/L Cu^2＋，有利于厨余垃圾水解酸化过程的进行，反应生成的VFA（挥发性脂肪酸）含量增加。不调节pH时，添加100 mg/L以下的Fe^3＋和Cu^2＋对VFA含量也有所促进，但乳酸含量也增加。在2种pH条件下添加Zn^2＋对反应的促进或抑制作用均不明显。     

国内现有露天矿大气污染源防治技术的调查与分析

在现场调查和函凋及查阅大量的文献资料的基础上,较全面地掌握了国内露天矿通风防尘实用技术措施的实施状况,分析了国内露天矿通风防尘实用技术措施的特点及其适用性。