杭州市机动车尾气污染和控制对策

随关经济的快速发展,城市道路交通和机动车尾气污染成为人们关注的热点,通过对杭州市机动车行驶现状及路检情况调查,分析了机动车排污分担率及尾气排放的潜在影响,提出控制机动车尾气大大气污染的对策。     

光合细菌和螺旋藻对黄泔水净化与利用初探

应用光合细菌将黄泔水中的有机物降解转化为无机氮磷后养殖螺旋藻。结果表明,在实验条件下光合细菌对黄泔水ＣＯＤｃｒ的去除率可达７０％,处理后的黄泔水用甲壳质絮凝澄清后加入螺旋藻并曝气进行培养,藻生长周期为２２ｄ,生长速率为２０－３０ｍｇ／Ｌ．Ｄ。藻体蛋白质含量平均为５２．６ｇ／１００ｇ游离氨基酸平均含量为２．４ｇ／１００ｇ。     

铬渣制取铬黄淋滤液中过量铅离子的去除研究

用累托石做吸附剂来处理铬渣淋滤液制铬黄过程中产生的过量Pb^2-。当pH为5．6～7．3,反应时间90min,吸附剂与水量比为24g／L.pbe^2 浓度由2．5mg／L降到0．05mg／L,Pb^2 的去除率最高可达98％,外排废水符合GB8978—1996一级标准。     

电子废弃物中持久性有机污染物分析检测方法的研究进展

针对目前电子废弃物中持久性有机污染物(POPs)尚未形成有效快速分析检测方法的问题,介绍了溶剂萃取、固相萃取、微波萃取和超临界流体萃取等POPs前处理技术的研究进展,总结了POPs的分析方法,如:气相色谱、液相色谱、气相色谱-质谱法、高分辨率气相色谱-高分辨质谱法等化学分析方法,以及生物传感器测定法、表面胞质团共振检测法、酶联免疫检测法等生物分析方法。分析了各方法的优劣,并提出了展望。     

十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)对土壤跳虫的急、慢性毒性效应

为揭示溴代阻燃剂对土壤生态系统的潜在危害,采用回避实验和繁殖实验评价了十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)对2种土壤跳虫Folsomia candida和Folsomia fimetaria的急/慢性毒性。48h的急性回避实验中,BDE-209对F.candida和F.fimetaria产生毒性效应的EC_(50)值分别为1.27和0.79mg·kg~(-1),LOEC值均小于0.5mg·kg~(-1)。慢性繁殖实验中,BDE-209对F.candida和F.fimetaria繁殖毒性的EC_(50)值分别为0.81和0.56mg·kg~(-1),LOEC值分别为<0.25和<0.5mg·kg~(-1)。研究表明,土壤BDE-209污染对跳虫的繁殖和环境行为有显著影响,且在较低暴露浓度下(0.25mg·kg~(-1))即对跳虫繁殖产生抑制效应;有性生殖的F.fimetaria比孤雌生殖的F.candida对BDE-209污染的毒性响应更为敏感。     

Effects of traffic pollution on the genetic structure of Poa annua L. populations

The genetic composition of Poa annua L, populations with a series of traffic pollution was studied by starch electrophoresis. Five enzyme systems were stained. The results showed that: (1) Traffic pollution can dramatically change genotypic frequencies at some loci of P. annua populations. Significant deviations from HardyWeinberg equilibrium were observed on loci Fe - 1 and Me due to the excess of heterozygotes in some populations.(2) The effective number of alleles per locus and the observed and expected heterozygosity were higher in the pollution series than in the clear control site(Botanic Park population), but the increase was not related with the pollution extent. (3) Most genetic variation was found within populations, and only 6.21% was among populations of the polluted series. Slightly higher differentiation( FST = 7.98%) was observed when the control population was included. (4) The calculated gene flow(Nm) is 2.8841 per generation. The mean of genetic identity is 0.9864 and the genetic distance average to 0.0138.     

活性污泥法处理焦化污水监测值的统计特性

用活性污泥法处理焦化污水,将一年内监测的曝气池山水和入水中酚、氰、氨氮、COD等指标建立数据库,并进行时间序列、正态分布性、自相关和线性回归分析.统计分析结果表明,多数指标呈正态分布而周期性特征不明显;经多元线性回归分析,出水COD与入水COD、出水酚之间的关系较为密切.     

新型阻燃剂TCPP对斑马鱼的毒性研究

为了明确新型阻燃剂磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(TCPP)的生态风险,本研究采用斑马鱼为模式生物,评价了TCPP对成鱼和胚胎的毒性效应。急性毒性研究结果表明,TCPP对斑马鱼成鱼的96 h致死中浓度(LC50)为47.06 mg·L~(-1),而对胚胎96 h-LC50为26.01 mg·L~(-1),且会影响胚胎的正常发育,导致孵化出的仔鱼产生畸形。成鱼14 d延长毒性试验结果表明,TCPP对斑马鱼成鱼的无可观察效应浓度(NOEC)为1.00 mg·L~(-1),染毒暴露后肝脏和性腺指数随TCPP浓度增加轻微下降,但肝脏中卵黄蛋白原(VTG)的含量和性腺中芳香化酶的活性随TCPP浓度增加普遍升高。此外,TCPP的暴露还会导致斑马鱼脑垂体中合成促性腺激素的相关基因表达量增加。因此,TCPP对斑马鱼成鱼和胚胎的急性毒性均为低毒级,但长期暴露会干扰内分泌系统的调控功能,影响斑马鱼的正常发育。     

Removal of elemental mercury by KI-impregnated clay

This study described the use of clay impregnated by KI in gas phase elemental mercury (Hg^o) removal in flue gas. The effects of KI loading, temperature, O₂, SO₂ and H₂O on Hg^o removal were investigated using a fixed bed reactor. The Hg^o removal efficiency of KI-clay with 3% KI loading could maintain at a high level (approximately 80 %) after 3 h. The KI-clay demonstrated to be a potential adsorbent for Hg^o removal when compared with activated carbon based adsorbent. O₂ was found to be an important factor in improving the Hg^o removal. O₂ was demonstrated to assist the transfer of KI to I₂ on the surface of KI-clay, which could react with Hg^o directly. NO and SO₂ could slightly improve Hg^o removal, while H₂O inhibited it greatly. The results indicated that after adsorption, most of the mercury escaped from the surface again. Some of the mercury may have been oxidized as it left the surface. The results demonstrated that the chemical reaction primarily occurred between KI and mercury on the surface of the KI-clay.