Reaction mechanism and metal ion transformation in photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid with Ag+/TiO2

Photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid （OA） was conducted with a Ag^＋/TiO2 catalyst and different pathways were found for the degradation of different compounds. Ag^＋ greatly promoted the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants due to its role as an electron scavenger. It also accelerated the removal rate of OA in ozonation and the simultaneous process for its complex reaction with oxalate. Phenol could be degraded both in direct ozonation and photolysis, but the TOC removal rates were much higher in the simultaneous processes due to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals resulting from synergetic effects. The sequence of photo-illumination and ozone exposure in the combined process showed quite different effects in phenol degradation and TOC removal. The synergetic effects in different combined processes were found to be highly related to the properties of the target pollutants. The color change of the solution and TEM result confirmed that Ag＋ was easily reduced and deposited on the surface of Tit2 under photo-illumination, and dissolved again into solution in the presence of ozone. This simple cycle of enrichment and distribution of Ag^＋ can greatly benefit the design of advanced oxidation processes, in which the sequences of ozone and photo-illumination can be varied according to the needs for catalyst recycling and the different properties of pollutants.     

Review on water leakage control in distribution networks and the associated environmental benefits

Water supply is the primary element of an urban system. Due to rapid urbanization and water scarcity, maintaining a stable and safe water supply has become a challenge to many cities, whereas a large amount of water is lost from the pipes of distribution systems. Water leakage is not only a waste of water resources, but also incurs great socio-economic costs. This article presents a comprehensive review on the potential water leakage control approaches and specifically discusses the benefits of each to environmental conservation. It is concluded that water leakage could be further reduced by improving leakage detection capability through a combination of predictive modeling and monitoring instruments, optimizing pipe maintenance strategy, and developing an instant pressure regulation system. The environment could benefit from these actions because of water savings and the reduction of energy consumption as well as greenhouse gas emissions.     

漫湾大坝上下游沉积物重金属与营养元素分布特征及环境风险评价

研究了漫湾水电站大坝上下游11个采样断面的沉积物中的有机质(OM)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和金属元素Al、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn的含量及空间分布特征,利用地积累指数法、潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物重金属的环境风险进行了评价.结果表明,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn的平均年含量分别为31.88、0.80、63.26、32.55、607.81、32.11、36.54、132.29 mg·kg-1,与云南省土壤背景值相比,重金属元素均出现一定程度的富集.其中,Cd和As比其他金属元素污染重,处于中-强度污染状态.在大坝上游干流中靠近大坝的断面环境风险最高,支流断面风险水平普遍低于附近的干流断面,大坝下游断面的风险值明显低于大坝上游断面.干流沉积物重金属蓄积明显受大坝建设影响,支流则受其上游区域人类活动和大坝建设的共同影响.营养元素在村庄聚集区和坝前地区含量较高,干流断面含量高于临近的支流断面,表明大坝建设和库区居民生产生活共同影响沉积物营养元素的分布.相关性分析与聚类分析表明,毒性较高的重金属元素Cd、As、Pb可以聚为一类,而且相互间呈显著正相关关系,并与OM呈正相关关系.虽然沉积物的有机污染在大部分地区呈现清洁或较清洁的水平,但是有机质可以吸附Cd和As,对沉积物的重金属污染具有增强效应.     

基于CALPUFF模型的漳州市大气环境容量研究

研究表明：CALPUFF模式是运用于广域的大气扩散模型,在区域范围较大的复杂地形条件下的应用具有突出的优势.利用CALPUFF大气扩散模型模拟漳州市2009年气象场和污染物浓度场,采用监测值对模拟结果进行验证表明模型的适用性;基于现状污染源,建立大气污染物传递系数矩阵,结合线性优化法测算了不同环境空气质量标准下漳州市大气环境容量.     

日本地震救灾志愿者活动述评

介绍日本地震救灾志愿者组织的早期形成和发展历程,结合日本的几次大地震归纳其志愿者活动的作用、管理、运行和发展概况。通过将我国汶川地震志愿者的救灾活动与日本的地震救灾志愿者行动进行对比,发现了我国地震救灾志愿者组织存在的问题,期望能对我国以后的地震救灾志愿者行动提供一些启示。     

某大型钢结构项目喷涂废气污染防治措施可行性分析研究

钢结构建筑是一种新型的节能环保的建筑体系,大多数大型钢结构产品在生产过程中均需要进行抛丸除锈、喷涂处理,使用油漆进行喷涂过程中将不可避免地产生含TVOC(主要为甲苯、二甲苯和非甲烷总烃)的有机废气。大型钢构类生产项目喷涂废气的收集和处理尤为困难。文章结合某大型钢结构生产企业实际采取的喷涂废气治理方法进行喷涂废气污染防治可行性分析,旨在为同类项目喷涂废气污染治理及进一步改良涂装废气治理工艺和技术提供参考依据。     

“十一五”期间松花江肇源江段高锰酸盐指数分析研究

高锰酸盐指数是反应水域污染状况的一个重要指标,本文对"十一五"期间肇源境内的干流三个断面和支流两个断面的高锰酸盐指数监测数据进行研究分析,结果显示:"十一五"期间,松花江肇源境内高锰酸盐指数浓度呈现出显著的下降趋势;各水期肇源境内松花江干流的两大支流拉林河和嫩江主要污染因子高锰酸盐指数浓度也呈下降趋势;2010年肇源境内松花江干流高锰酸盐指数浓度出境段面高于入境断面,支流河口浓度低于松花江干流肇源江段。     

石化工程环境监理研究

为进一步加强建设项目施工期的环境管理,中国在生态环境影响突出的国家13个重点建设项目中开展工程环境监理试点。石化工程相比其它工程项目具有建设规模大,对周边生态环境影响大,污染物排放总量大,潜在安全隐患大等特点。本文结合作者自身的工作体会对石化工程开展环境监理工作进行了探讨。包括石化工程在施工组织设计、施工准备阶段、施工期、试生产及竣工等各阶段的环境监理工作内容,并提出了工作中存在的一些问题及建议,为石化项目环境监理工作提供理论及实践依据。     

可再生胺类脱硫剂的选择研究

采用哌嗪等二元胺和二乙醇胺为吸收剂,对模拟烟气进行SO2的吸收解吸实验研究,筛选出性能优异的吸收剂,并考察添加剂H2 S O 4对其性能的影响。实验表明:可再生胺类吸收剂脱硫率可接近100%,二元胺吸收剂较醇胺的SO 2吸收量大、pH值随时间变化慢、首次解吸率高;羟乙基支链对胺类吸收剂的抗氧化能力、SO2吸收量和首次解吸率均有影响,环状二元胺比链状二元胺的抗氧化能力好、首次解吸率高;在N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪溶液中添加硫酸构成N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪/H 2S O 4脱硫体系后,脱硫率未受影响、SO2吸收量变小、首次解吸率显著提高,具有更好的循环使用性能。     

低碳高氮污水处理应用技术研究

针对碳氮比小于7的污水,其碳源不能满足硝化与反硝化的要求这一问题,通过改变SBR工艺的运行方式、调解工艺参数等技术手段,使其能够达标处理此类工业废水,并通过某淀粉厂的工程实例进行了验证:采用改良的SBR工艺可以对低碳高氮污水进行有效的处理。