鄂尔多斯市东胜区2011年春节期间空气污染物的浓度分布规律及其成因分析

利用空气质量自动监测系统分析了2011年春节期间鄂尔多斯市东胜区的SO2、NO2及PM10的浓度值,发现烟花爆竹的燃放对它们的浓度有较大影响。     

Reaction mechanism and metal ion transformation in photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid with Ag+/TiO2

Photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid （OA） was conducted with a Ag^＋/TiO2 catalyst and different pathways were found for the degradation of different compounds. Ag^＋ greatly promoted the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants due to its role as an electron scavenger. It also accelerated the removal rate of OA in ozonation and the simultaneous process for its complex reaction with oxalate. Phenol could be degraded both in direct ozonation and photolysis, but the TOC removal rates were much higher in the simultaneous processes due to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals resulting from synergetic effects. The sequence of photo-illumination and ozone exposure in the combined process showed quite different effects in phenol degradation and TOC removal. The synergetic effects in different combined processes were found to be highly related to the properties of the target pollutants. The color change of the solution and TEM result confirmed that Ag＋ was easily reduced and deposited on the surface of Tit2 under photo-illumination, and dissolved again into solution in the presence of ozone. This simple cycle of enrichment and distribution of Ag^＋ can greatly benefit the design of advanced oxidation processes, in which the sequences of ozone and photo-illumination can be varied according to the needs for catalyst recycling and the different properties of pollutants.     

Experimental study on filtration and continuous regeneration of a particulate filter system for heavy-duty diesel engines

This study investigated the filtration and continuous regeneration of a particulate filter system on an engine test bench, consisting of a diesel oxidation catalyst（DOC） and a catalyzed diesel particulate filter（CDPF）. Both the DOC and the CDPF led to a high conversion of NO to NO2 for continuous regeneration. The filtration efficiency on solid particle number（SPN） was close to100%. The post-CDPF particles were mainly in accumulation mode. The downstream SPN was sensitively influenced by the variation of the soot loading. This phenomenon provides a method for determining the balance point temperature by measuring the trend of SPN concentration.     

Quantitative method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals based on odor sensitivity distribution：Illustrated using 2-MIB

Taste and odor （T/O） in drinking water often cause consumer complaints and are thus regulated in many countries. However, people in different regions may exhibit different sensitivities toward WO. This study proposed a method to determine the regional drinking water odorant regulation goals （ORGs） based on the odor sensitivity distribution of the local population. The distribution of odor sensitivity to 2-methylisobomeol （2-MIB） by the local population in Beijing, China was revealed by using a normal distribution function/model to describe the odor complaint response to a 2-MIB episode in 2005, and a 2-MIB concentration of 12.9 ng/L and FPA （flavor profile analysis） intensity of 2.5 was found to be the critical point to cause odor complaints. Thus the Beijing ORG for 2-MIB was determined to be 12.9 ng/L. Based on the assumption that the local FPA panel can represent the local population in terms of sensitivity to odor, and that the critical FPA intensity causing odor complaints was 2.5, this study tried to determine the ORGs for seven other cities of China by performing FPA tests using an FPA panel from the corresponding city. ORG values between 12.9 and 31.6 ng/L were determined, showing that a unified ORG may not be suitable for drinking water odor regulations. This study presents a novel approach for setting drinking water odor regulations.     

模糊综合评判法在渭河水质评价中的应用研究

渭河是陕西省的第一大河流,准确的水质评价是治理渭河水体污染的重要前提。本文采用模糊变换原理和最大隶属度原则,运用模糊综合评判法对渭河潼关吊桥断面2012年的监测数据进行了全面评价。结果表明该断面春、夏、秋、冬四个季度的水质污染级别分别为:Ⅴ类(严重污染)、Ⅰ类(未污染)、Ⅳ类(重污染)和Ⅴ类(严重污染),主要污染物为NH3-N。与传统的单因子评价法相比,该方法能更全面合理地反映水质情况。     

基于综合水质标识指数法的四川西充河水质评价

四川省西充河为严重污染河流,选取溶解氧(DO)、氨氮(NH+4-N)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)5项指标年平均值,采用综合水质标识指数法,研究了西充河近10年水质状况随时间变化趋势及水污染特征。2003年至2010年水质级别为劣V类,2011年和2012年水质级别为Ⅳ类,水质标识指数Iwq从2003年的12.459逐渐降低到2012年的4.431。西充河近10年水质状况整体呈好转趋势,但未达到国家规定的Ⅲ级水质标准,水质标识指数Iwq结果表明该好转的速度较慢,西充河水质状况有较大的上升潜力和空间。总氮(TN)和氨氮(NH+4-N)为河流主要污染物,为了达到国家Ⅲ级水质标准,西充河的治理已刻不容缓。     

滇池流域土壤活性腐殖质及其主要组分的紫外-可见与三维荧光光学特性

利用紫外-可见光谱和三维荧光光谱技术,结合土壤腐殖质及腐殖质组分(胡敏酸、富里酸)中的有机碳含量,研究了滇池流域土壤活性腐殖质及其组分胡敏酸和富里酸的光谱特征.结果表明,滇池流域土壤活性腐殖质中富里酸含量高于胡敏酸,流域范围内土壤活性腐殖质及其组分含量分布不均匀,活性腐殖质、胡敏酸和富里酸含量的变异系数分别达37.7%、36.4%、40.9%.土壤活性腐殖质及其组分胡敏酸和富里酸的碳含量均表现为菜地荒地草地湿地.光谱特征结果表明,滇池流域土壤活性腐殖质主要由自生源物质和经一定程度降解后的外源物质共同组成.此外,自生源性与光化学及生物活性具有正相关关系.因此,具有弱自生源性的滇池流域土壤活性腐殖质所具有的光化学和生物活性较弱.     

Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China

Consumption of food crops contaminated with heavy metals is a major food chain route for human exposure. We studied the health risks of heavy metals in contaminated food crops irrigated with wastewater. Results indicate that there is a substantial buildup of heavy metals in wastewater-irrigated soils, collected from Beijing, China. Heavy metal concentrations in plants grown in wastewater-irrigated soils were significantly higher (P相似文献   

三种气液混合泵气浮系统处理低浓度二级出水的对比研究

以低浓度的二级出水为处理对象,利用小试装置,以COD、TP和浊度为考察指标,对使用气液混合泵溶气的全溶气、部分溶气和回流加压溶气气浮系统进行了对比研究.结果表明,回流加压溶气气浮系统对3个指标的去除率明显高于全溶气和部分溶气气浮系统,而部分溶气气浮系统对COD、TP的去除率略高于全溶气气浮系统;二级出水浊度较低时,全溶气和部分溶气气浮系统的出水浊度反而升高,因此使用气液混合泵溶气的全溶气和部分溶气气浮系统不适合处理低浊度的二级出水.     

氯苯嘧啶醇在水体中的光解机制研究

以太阳光为实验光源研究了氯苯嘧啶醇在水溶液中的光解,考察了pH、水体类型、溶解氧及卤素离子等对其光解的影响.结果表明,氯苯嘧啶醇在水溶液中的光解符合一级动力学方程,在不同水体中氯苯嘧啶醇光解的速率大小顺序为:重蒸水>水库水>湖水>池塘水;氯苯嘧啶醇光解的半衰期随着溶液pH的增大而延长,当pH为5、7、9、11时光解半衰期分别为5.00、6.86、7.45、7.53 h;3种卤素离子对氯苯嘧啶醇光解有很大的影响,均表现出强的猝灭作用,3种离子的猝灭能力的大小顺序为Ⅰ->Br->Cl-;溶解氧和三重态光猝灭剂山梨酸均对氯苯嘧啶醇在水中的光解没有影响,而三重态光敏剂丙酮则对其光解有较强的猝灭作用,表明氯苯嘧啶醇在水中的光解主要以直接光解为主,光解过程不经历三重态.