公路边土壤和水稻中铅的分布,累积及临界含量

在距公路５、１０、５０、１００、２００ｍ准备收割的稻田中同时采集土壤及稻米样品。对２条公路的样品分析结果表明，汽车尾气中铅的污染大多集中在公路两侧５０ｍ左右的范围内。土壤自身性质对路边土壤及水稻中铅的分布、累积具有显著影响。经壤水稻中铅的累积量小于重壤水稻土，但轻壤水稻糙米的含铅量却高于重壤。轻壤中土壤含铅量和糙米含铅量之间具有相关关系。探讨了公路边土壤的临界含量问题，推算出轻壤中此值为５８ｍｇ／     

中国东部主要河流河水腐殖酸的起源、含量及地域分异规律

测定了中国东部地区主要河流河水、悬浮物和沉积物中腐殖酸含量,研究了该地区河水腐殖酸含量的地域分异规律,并探讨了河水腐殖酸的可能来源。结果表明,所研究河流河水腐殖酸含量在0.9—14.4mg/L范围内,中值为4.16mg/L,并有北高南低的一般趋势。黑龙江上游及松花江北部支流的河水腐殖酸含量在8.5mg/L以上,滦河以北其它地区在3.9—6.4mg/L范围内,黄河以南区域则在0.9—3.3mg/L之间,所研究地区河水中的腐殖酸为混合起源的,它既来自河流悬浮物和沉积物中腐殖酸的释放,又来自流域表土中腐殖酸的淋溶。     

抗铅、镉菌株对土壤铅、镉生物有效性的影响

将从土壤中分离到的2株能同时耐铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)的抗性菌株(编号为H1和H2)分别接种至Pb、Cd污染的土壤中进行小白菜盆栽试验,研究2株抗性菌株对土壤Pb、Cd生物有效性的影响。结果表明:H1菌株可专一性的钝化交换态Cd,降幅为43.78%,并能显著促进小白菜地上部生长,与对照相比增产79.62%;H2菌可同时降低交换态Pb、Cd的比重,降幅分别为30.31%和27.61%,但小白菜产量与对照无显著差异。此外,与对照相比,接菌处理均能显著降低小白菜地上部Pb、Cd含量。     

探究不同金属离子对电化学氧化去除水体中4-CP的影响

文章为探究金属离子(亚铁离子、铁离子、二价铜离子、二价锰离子)对电化学氧化降解废水中4-CP的影响。采用自制的圆形电化学反应器,通过添加不同含量的金属离子来探究对4-CP去除效果的影响。试验的研究表明,亚铁离子具有较好的催化强化效果,平均催化效率可达24%,且Fe(Ⅱ)最适宜投加量为1.5mmol/L,催化效率可提高31.5%。另外其他三种金属离子均存在不同程度的抑制,其中抑制效果由强到弱为Mn(Ⅱ)>Fe(Ⅲ)>Cu(Ⅱ),且当Mn(Ⅱ)投加量为3.0 mmol/L时,完全抑制4-CP的电化学氧化降解。     

串联组合离子选择电极的研究——利用Ag2S电极测定废水中S2-离子含量

本文依据电池串联原理将多组电极串联组合,减少了因电动势测量误差而造成的测定浓度的相对误差,明显地提高了测定的精密度和准确度.对工业废水中S~(2-)离子含量的测定结果令人满意.其相对偏差低于2.5％,方法回收率为97.5—101.7％,明显优于现有离子选择电极测定方法.与比色法进行比较,测得结果基本一致.     

Simultaneous quantification of fifty-one odor-causing compounds in drinking water using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

A wide range of compounds with various structural features can cause taste and odor(TO)problems in drinking water. It would be desirable to determine all of these compounds using a simple analytical method. In this paper, a sensitive method combining liquid–liquid extraction(LLE) with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry(GC–MS/MS)was established to simultaneously analyze 51 odor-causing compounds in drinking water,including organic sulfides, aldehydes, benzenes, phenols, ethers, esters, ketones, nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds, 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin. Three deuterated analogs of target analytes, dimethyl disulfide-d6, benzaldehyde-d6 and o-cresol-3,4,5,6-d4,were used to correct the variations in recovery, and five isotope-labeled internal standards(4-chlorotoluene-d4, 1, 4-dichlorobenzene-d4, naphthalene-d8, acenaphthene-d10, phenanthrene-d10 respectively) were used prior to analysis to correct the variations arising from instrument fluctuations and injection errors. The calibration curves of the target compounds showed good linearity(R2 0.99, level = 7),and method detection limits(MDLs) below 1/10 of the odor threshold concentrations were achieved for most of the odorants(0.10–20.55 ng/L). The average recoveries of most of the analytes in tap water samples were between 70% and 120%, and the method was reproducible(RSD 20%, n = 7). Additionally, concentrations of odor-causing compounds in water samples collected from three drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) were analyzed by this method.According to the results, dimethyl trisulfide, dimethyl disulfide and indole were considered to be the key odorants responsible for the swampy/septic odor. 2-Methylisoborneol and geosmin were detected as the main odor-causing compounds for musty/earthy odor in DWTP B.     

Catalytic destruction of pentachlorobenzene in simulated flue gas by a V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst

Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) in simulated flue gas was destructed by a commercial V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ catalyst in this study. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, space velocity and some co-existing pollutants on PeCB conversion were investigated. Furthermore, a possible mechanism for the oxidation of PeCB over the vanadium oxide on the catalysts was proposed. Results show that the increase of gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and the decrease of operating temperature both resulted in the decrease of PeCB removal over the catalyst, while the effect of the oxygen content in the range of 5-20% (v/v) on PeCB conversion was negligible. PeCB decomposition could be obviously affected by the denitration reactions under the conditions because of the positive effect of NO but negative effect of NH₃. The introduction of SO₂ caused the catalyst poisoning, probably due to the sulfur-containing species formed and deposited on the catalyst surface. The PeCB molecules were first adsorbed on the catalyst surface, and then oxidized into the non-aromatic acyclic intermediates, low chlorinated aromatics and maleic anhydride.     

加入WTO后我国环境服务业发展的新思路

中国即将加入WTO，对中国环境服务业来说挑战与机遇共存。中国环境服务业是一个很新的领域，近年有所发展但还存在着很多问题。中国环境服务业应充分利用加入WTO的难得机遇，尽快从政策、管理制度、结构、技术等多方面进行调整，利用内外部双重动力，推动我国环境服务业有更大地发展。     

强化混凝去除黄浦江水有机物的试验研究

强化混凝去除有机物的效果与水源的分子量分布特性有着密切的关系.由于黄浦江水中低分子量的溶解性有机物占多数,因此,强化混凝处理有机物效果有限.对于＜1k分子量区间的有机物.增加混凝剂投量可有效去除紫外吸光值(UV254),但去除溶解性有机碳(DOC)的效果很差.尽管增加混凝剂投量和降低pH都能有效地去除有机物,但决定强化混凝效果的主要因素是pH,去除黄浦江水有机物的最佳pH范围为6～5.     

1936～1937年河南旱灾述评

发生在1936～1937年间的大旱灾给河南农业生产造成了巨大损失,由此酿成的大饥荒导致食品奇缺、灾民遍地并大批饿死逃亡、伦理道德丧失.究其原因,除自然界气候变异的客观因素外,社会原因是主要的:农业生产力水平低下和统治者、侵略者的压榨与掠夺,致使国困民穷,无力抗灾;政府的防灾无能、救灾无力使灾情不断加重;水利长期失修、植被遭严重破坏使灾害难以抗御、亦加剧了旱灾.