某液化天然气接收站及码头消防安全系统分析

参考国内外相关标准规范对山东LNG接收站及码头防火设计和消防系统配置进行了系统研究,对消防水系统、高倍数泡沫灭火系统、干粉灭火系统和消防站等关键消防设施进行了重点论述。     

我国新环境保护法的突破与展望

论述了我国新环境保护法,国家环境保护规划应当坚持保护优先、预防为主、综合治理、突出重点、全面推进的原则等;新修订的《环保法》要求建立资源环境承载能力监测预警机制;推动多元共治的现代环境治理体系是加大经济处罚的力度。设计了罚款的按日连续计罚规则;要求政府主管部门应当公开环境信息,应当制定和完善公众参与的程序,为公众参与环境监督提供便利等。最后进行了展望。     

某城市污水处理厂污泥固化处理研究

课题依托哈尔滨某污水处理厂,通过建立L9(34)正交试验,选取水泥、石灰、煤灰掺入比例以及养护时间为主要影响因素,以固化块的抗压强度和COD浸出浓度为评价指标,得到各因素的影响度大小排序为:水泥养护天数石灰煤灰,优化固化条件为水泥掺入比例15%,石灰掺入比例2%,煤灰10%养护天数6 d。以此为基础进行延展实验,探讨以上因素对污泥固化效果的影响,获得最佳配方。     

增城市生态城市建设的探讨研究

当前,中国正处于城市化高速发展时期,城市规划在生态城市建设过程中起着非常重要的作用。本研究目的:探讨城市规划中的生态建设方法,并对增城市城市规划中的生态建设实践进行思考,为科学引导增城市社会、经济、文化、生态协调发展提供参考。研究方法:案例研究法,时间序列分析法和比较研究法相结合。研究结果:增城市生态建设得益于准确科学的规划控制引导,基于时代发展的制度设计和规划保障是增城市取得生态建设重大成果的根本原因。研究结论:城市规划中的生态建设是城市发展的重要命题,是实现人与自然和谐共存的基础,是实现工业文明向生态文明转变的根本保证。     

跨断层水准数据处理方法在苏鲁皖地区的应用

本文主要介绍了处理跨断层水准数据的2种方法,包括断层垂直形变速率合成分析法和断层形变趋势累计率分析法。文中概括了各种方法的特征以及在分析苏鲁皖地区断层活动趋势中的应用。     

Differential responses of short-term soil respiration dynamics to the experimental addition of nitrogen and water in the temperate semi-arid steppe of Inner Mongolia, China

We examined the effects of simulated rainfall and increasing N supply of different levels on CO2 pulse emission from typical Inner Mongolian steppe soil using the static opaque chamber technique, respectively in a dry June and a rainy August. The treatments included NH4NO3 additions at rates of 0, 5, 10, and 20 g N/（m2.year） with or without water. Immediately after the experimental simulated rainfall events, the CO2 effluxes in the watering plots without N addition （WCK） increased greatly and reached the maximum value at 2 hr. However, the efflux level reverted to the background level within 48 hr. The cumulative CO2 effluxes in the soil ranged from 5.60 to 6.49 g C/m2 over 48 hr after a single water application, thus showing an increase of approximately 148.64% and 48.36% in the efftuxes during both observation periods. By contrast, the addition of different N levels without water addition did not result in a significant change in soil respiration in the short term. Two-way ANOVA showed that the effects of the interaction between water and N addition were insignificant in short-term soil COz efftuxes in the soil. The cumulative soil CO2 fluxes of different treatments over 48 hr accounted for approximately 5.34% to 6.91% and 2.36% to 2.93% of annual C emission in both experimental periods. These results stress the need for improving the sampling frequency after rainfall in future studies to ensure more accurate evaluation of the grassland C emission contribution.     

Heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of 4-chlorophenol using iron/ordered mesoporous carbon catalyst

Ordered mesoporous carbon supported iron catalysts(Fe/OMC) were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method and investigated in Fenton-like degradation of 4-chlorophenol(4CP) in this work. XRD and TEM characterization showed that the iron oxides were well dispersed on the OMC support and grew bigger with the increasing calcination temperature. The catalyst prepared with a lower calcination temperature showed higher decomposition efficiency towards 4CP and H2O2, but more metals were leached. The effect of different operational parameters such as initial pH, H2O2 dosage, and reaction temperature on the catalytic activity was evaluated. The results showed that 96.1% of 4CP and 47.4% of TOC was removed after 270 min at 30°C, initial pH of 3 and 6.6 mmol/L H2O2. 88% of 4CP removal efficiency was retained after three successive runs, indicating Fe/OMC a stable catalyst for Fenton reaction. 4CP was degraded predominately by the attack of hydroxyl radical formed on the catalyst surface and in the bulk solution due to iron leaching. Based on the degradation intermediates detected by high performance liquid chromatography, possible oxidation pathways were proposed during the 4CP degradation.     

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of benzene homologues in ambient air in the northeastern urban area of Beijing, China

Ambient benzene homologues were measured at a site in the northeastern urban area of Beijing, China, from August 24 to September 4, 2012 by SUMMA canister sampling followed by laboratory determination using cryogenic cold trap pre-concentration-GC-MS/FID, and their health risks were also assessed. Daily total benzene homologues ranged from 0.99 to 49.71 μg/m3with an average of 11.98 μg/m3. Benzene homologues showed higher concentrations in the morning and evening than that at noontime. Comparison with previous studies revealed a trend of decrease for ambient benzene homologues probably due to the efective emission control in Beijing in recent years. Vehicular exhaust was the main source while volatilization of paints and solvents also made substantial contributions. Health risk assessment showed that BTEX(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene) and styrene had no appreciable adverse non-cancer health risks for the exposed population, while benzene has potential cancer risk of 1.34E-05. Available data from cities in China all implied that benzene imposes relatively higher cancer risk on the exposed populations and therefore strict control measures should be taken to further lower ambient benzene levels in China.     

Characteristics of secondary inorganic aerosol and sulfate species in size-fractionated aerosol particles in Shanghai

Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium(SNA) are the dominant species in secondary inorganic aerosol, and are considered an important factor in regional haze formation. Size-fractionated aerosol particles for a whole year were collected to study the size distribution of SNA as well as their chemical species in Shanghai. SNA mainly accumulated in fine particles and the highest average ratio of SNA to particulate matter(PM) was observed to be 47% in the fine size fraction(0.49–0.95 μm). Higher sulfur oxidation ratio and nitrogen oxidation ratio values were observed in PM of fine size less than 0.95 μm. Ion balance calculations indicated that more secondary sulfate and nitrate would be generated in PM of fine size(0.49–0.95 μm). Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure(XANES) spectra of typical samples were analyzed. Results revealed that sulfur mainly existed as sulfate with a proportion(atomic basis) more than 73% in all size of PM and even higher at 90% in fine particles. Sulfate mainly existed as(NH4)2SO4 and gypsum in PM of Shanghai. Compared to non-haze days, a dramatic increase of(NH4)2SO4 content was found in fine particles on haze days only, which suggested the promoting impact of(NH4)2SO4 on haze formation. According to the result of air mass backward trajectory analysis, more(NH4)2SO4 would be generated during the periods of air mass stagnation. Based on XANES, analysis of sulfate species in size-fractionated aerosol particles can be an effective way to evaluate the impact of sulfate aerosols on regional haze formation.     

企业财务危机预警判断分析方法研究

财务危机是威胁企业持续经营的根本性危机,它不是突然而至,分为潜伏期、爆发期、成长期和解决期四个阶段逐步积累过程.根据不同阶段的企业财务状况,把爱德华.阿特曼Z值计分模型和不同时期的相关财务指标结合起来,运用定量和定性相结合的分析方法,判断分析企业的财务危机的级别,从而采取相应的措施,以利于规避财务风险.