1936～1937年河南旱灾述评

发生在1936～1937年间的大旱灾给河南农业生产造成了巨大损失,由此酿成的大饥荒导致食品奇缺、灾民遍地并大批饿死逃亡、伦理道德丧失.究其原因,除自然界气候变异的客观因素外,社会原因是主要的:农业生产力水平低下和统治者、侵略者的压榨与掠夺,致使国困民穷,无力抗灾;政府的防灾无能、救灾无力使灾情不断加重;水利长期失修、植被遭严重破坏使灾害难以抗御、亦加剧了旱灾.     

公路边土壤和水稻中铅的分布,累积及临界含量

在距公路５、１０、５０、１００、２００ｍ准备收割的稻田中同时采集土壤及稻米样品。对２条公路的样品分析结果表明，汽车尾气中铅的污染大多集中在公路两侧５０ｍ左右的范围内。土壤自身性质对路边土壤及水稻中铅的分布、累积具有显著影响。经壤水稻中铅的累积量小于重壤水稻土，但轻壤水稻糙米的含铅量却高于重壤。轻壤中土壤含铅量和糙米含铅量之间具有相关关系。探讨了公路边土壤的临界含量问题，推算出轻壤中此值为５８ｍｇ／     

生物过滤塔处理工业有机废气

选用生物载体作为反应器的填料,并利用沈阳北部污水处理厂的活性污泥对填料进行挂膜,由低到高通入工业有机气体进行驯化。在系统稳定后进行了生物过滤塔净化工业有机气体的实验研究。实验结果表明:入口气体浓度<25mg/m3时,有机废气的净化效率可保持在97%以上,当超过此值时,效率有明显下降。随着进口气体流量的增加,净化率逐渐下降,由入口流量为0.2m3/h时的97.2%下降到入口流量为0.8m3/h时的73.0%。湿度对净化率的影响较大,其中当湿度达到40%以上时,反应器有良好的去除效果。生物过滤塔的压降随着气体流量和填料高度的增加而增加。     

某地下储气库职业病危害控制效果评价

目的:分析某地下储气库项目存在的职业病危害因素,评价职业病危害防护设施及其效果,提出职业病控制措施和建议.方法:采用现场职业卫生学调查、职业病危害因素检测法、检查表法等方法进行综合分析与评价.结果:该地下储气库项目存在的主要职业病危害因素有甲烷、其他低碳烃类化合物、一氧化碳、氮氧化物、噪声、工频电场和高温等,所有危害因素的检测结果均符合国家法律法规及相关标准.项目总体布局、生产设备布局、职业病防护设施、个人使用的防护用品、职业卫生管理、卫生辅助用室设置等均符合国家有关规定.结论:该项目采取的职业病危害防护设施符合国家职业卫生标准和卫生要求,从职业卫生角度分析,该项目可行.     

17α-甲基睾酮对稀有鮈鲫肝脏脂质代谢的影响

环境内分泌干扰物对环境影响十分严重,绝大部分进入水环境,危害水生生物健康,进而影响人类健康.17α-甲基睾酮(17α-methyltestosterone,MT)是一种常见的环境雄激素,但在鱼体内的作用机制尚不明确.为了探究MT对鱼类肝脏脂质代谢的影响,采用不同浓度的MT(0、25、50和100 ng·L-1)处理86...     

Characterization of cattle fecal Streptomyces strains converting cellulose and hemicelluloses into reducing sugars

To characterize Streptomyces isolated from cattle feces for converting lignocellulose into reducing sugars, five Streptomyces strains were screened. All the strains could convert lignocellulose into reducing sugars. The strain A16 accumulate 3.3-folds more reducing sugars on cottonseed shells treated with ethanol than without the treatment (P?<?0.05). The five strains did not accumulate more reducing sugars on rice straws and wheat brans than those on cottonseed shells. Compared with A10 alone, the microbial combination of F1 + A10 accumulated 19, 61, and 25 % less reducing sugars on cottonseed shell, rice straw, and wheat bran than those by A10 solely, respectively (P?<?0.05). Further studies indicated that the activities of avicelase and xylanase were not correlated with the reducing sugar amount accumulated by the test strains. Strain A7 could produce more cellular lipids with xylose and glucose as the sole carbon sources. This study shows the potential for Streptomyces strains from herbivore feces to convert lignocelluloses into lipids and reducing sugars for fuel production.     

Experimental and simulated evaluations of airborne contaminant exposure in a room with a modified localized laminar airflow system

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The traditional mixing ventilation is not an energy effective approach to remove indoor air pollutants, maintain breath zone air quality, and control...     

Research status,challenges and future prospects of renewable synthetic fuel catalysts for CO2 photocatalytic reduction conversion

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In recent years, with global climate change, the utilization of carbon dioxide as a resource has become an important goal of human society to achieve...     

Effects of taxonomy,sediment, and water column on C:N:P stoichiometry of submerged macrophytes in Yangtze floodplain shallow lakes,China

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the three most important essential elements limiting growth of primary producers. Submerged macrophytes generally absorb nutrients from sediments by root uptake. However, the C:N:P stoichiometric signatures of plant tissue are affected by many additional factors such as taxonomy, nutrient availability, and light availability. We first revealed the relative importance of taxonomy, sediment, and water column on plant C:N:P stoichiometry using variance partitioning based on partial redundancy analyses. Results showed that taxonomy was the most important factor in determining C:N:P stoichiometry, then the water column and finally the sediment. In this study, a significant positive relationship was found between community C concentration and macrophyte community biomass, indicating that the local low C availability in macrophytes probably was the main reason why submerged macrophytes declined in Yangtze floodplain shallow lakes. Based on our study, it is suggested that submerged macrophytes in Yangtze floodplain shallow lakes are primarily limited by low light levels rather than nutrient availability.