从粉煤灰中提取多种微细氧化物的研究

将粉煤灰与Na2CO3按一定的比例混合后焙烧,采用酸碱联合法提取粉煤灰中氧化硅、氧化铝和氧化铁,分析了工艺条件对粉煤灰中氧化物提取率的影响。实验结果表明,从粉煤灰中提取氧化物的最佳条件是:碳酸钠与粉煤灰的比例0.6∶1.0,焙烧温度850℃、盐酸浓度4 mol/L,氢氧化钠浓度2.6 mol/L,浸取时间约6 h。在此条件下得出微细氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化铁的晶体,其平均粒度分别为氧化硅1.107μm,氧化铝1.334μm,氧化铁0.783μm。     

UF膜与混凝粉末活性炭联用处理微污染原水

采用混凝、粉末活性炭和UF膜分离的联用技术对黄浦江原水进行试验 ,结果表明 ,混凝、粉末活性炭可有效地去除溶解性有机物 .混凝处理主要去除大分子量的有机物 ,粉末活性炭主要去除低分子量的有机物 .混凝、粉末活性炭还能有效地去除三氯甲烷生成潜能 (THMFP) ,对于低分子量的THMFP ,混凝去除效果很差 ,而粉末活性炭去除很好 .试验还表明 ,混凝、粉末活性炭还可大大降低膜的滤饼层阻力 ,当混凝剂投加量为 4mg/L时 ,膜的滤饼层阻力最小 .     

能量耗损相关底物消耗对微生物产率的影响

根据底物反应平衡,提出在底物充分的条件下,微生物消耗的底物总量等于微生物生长所利用的量,微生物维持代谢所利用的量及由于能量代谢分离而消耗的量之和,由此,建立了描述在底物充分的条件下,微生物产率与剩余底物浓度相应关系的动力学模型,证明了观测到的产率随剩余底物２的增加而减少的现象,此模型能很好实验数据相符,结果表明随剩余的底物２的增加,微生物的产率可下降７０％左右。     

Competition for electrons between reductive dechlorination and denitrification

It is common that 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) coexists with nitrate or nitrite in industrial wastewaters. In this work, simultaneous reductive dechlorination of TCP and denitrification of nitrate or nitrite competed for electron donor, which led to their mutual inhibition. All inhibitions could be relieved to a certain degree by augmenting an organic electron donor, but the impact of the added electron donor was strongest for TCP. For simultaneous reduction of TCP together with nitrate, TCP’s removal rate value increased 75% and 150%, respectively, when added glucose was increased from 0.4 mmol?L^–1 to 0.5 mmol?L^–1 and to 0.76 mmol?L^–1. For comparison, the removal rate for nitrate increased by only 25% and 114% for the same added glucose. The relationship between their initial biodegradation rates versus their initial concentrations could be represented well with the Monod model, which quantified their half-maximum-rate concentration (K _S value), and K _S values for TCP, nitrate, and nitrite were larger with simultaneous reduction than independent reduction. The increases in K _S are further evidence that competition for the electron donor led to mutual inhibition. For bioremediation of wastewater containing TCP and oxidized nitrogen, both reduction reactions should proceed more rapidly if the oxidized nitrogen is nitrite instead of nitrate and if readily biodegradable electron acceptor is augmented.

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邻苯二甲酸酯类雌激素活性联合作用模型分析

环境雌激素对生命健康影响受到广泛关注,现行污染物环境标准制订和风险评价只针对单一化合物而非混合物效应,不足以保护生命安全与人类健康。为探讨环境雌激素的混合物效应,选择对雌激素敏感的人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖实验,检测雌二醇(E2)、邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(DBP和DEHP)的单一及其联合雌激素活性;基于单一化合物的浓度-反应曲线,运用浓度相加(CA)和独立作用(IA)模型对混合物的毒性进行预测,并将模型预测结果与混合物实验数据进行比较分析。结果表明,E2、DBP、DEHP对MCF-7细胞的单一作用数据可通过Weibull方程拟合,由拟合方程得到的半数效应浓度(EC50)及95%置信区间分别为3.450×10-6(2.373×10-6~1.675×10-5)、5.138(1.489~1.082×10)、1.186(4.478×10-1~2.24)μmol·L-1;3种化合物的混合物数据亦可通过Weibull、Logistic和Exp Gro1方程进行有效拟合,混合物效应与化合物单独作用产生的效应具有显著性差异;3种化合物表现非相似联合作用,利用独立作用(IA)模型预测混合物效应较为可靠,外源性环境雌激素与内源性雌激素联合作用产生的混合效应显著。环境雌激素混合物毒性可以通过相加作用模型预测,为环境复合污染的风险评价和管理提供基础数据。     

膜分离技术处理电镀废水的实验研究

采用纳滤＋反渗透2级处理系统浓缩回收电镀铜漂洗废水。实验结果显示：在△P=1．5MPa条件下进行浓缩．纳滤膜可以使料液浓缩近10倍。纳滤膜对Cu^2＋的截留率在96％以上，对COD的截留率在57％以上。在△P=3．0MPa条件下进行浓缩，反渗透膜可以使料液浓缩近10倍。反渗透膜对Cu^2＋的截留率在98％以上，对COD的截留率在67％以上。随着料液浓度的增加，纳滤膜和反渗透膜的截留率会降低。     

Integration of chemical and biological methods: A case study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution monitoring in Shandong Peninsula, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), as persistent toxic substances(PTS), have been widely monitored in coastal environment, including seawater and sediment. However, scientific monitoring methods, like ecological risk assessment and integrated biomarker response, still need massive researches to verify their availabilities. This study was performed in March, May, August and October of 2018 at eight sites, Yellow River estuary(S1), Guangli Port(S2), Xiaying(S3), Laizhou(S4), Inner Bay(S5), Ou...     

Hexabromocyclododecane and tetrabromobisphenol A in sediments and paddy soils from Liaohe River Basin, China: Levels, distribution and mass inventory

Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) are two kinds of brominated flame retardants and widely present in the environment and biota. The levels,spatial distributions and mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA were investigated in sediments and paddy soils from the Liaohe River Basin in northeast China. The concentrations of ΣHBCD and TBBPA were in the range of not detected(nd) to 4.02 ng/g dry weight(dw) and 0.03 to 4.06 ng/g dw, respectively. γ-HBCD was dominated in sediments,while the abundance of α-HBCD was relatively high in paddy soils. The spatial distributions of HBCD and TBBPA in surface sediments and paddy soils indicated that the local point-input was their major source. The significant correlation between total organic carbon(TOC) contents and the HBCD levels suggested that TOC content also exerted an influence on the distribution of HBCD in sediments. Meanwhile, it was found that the irrigation with river water was not the major transportation pathway of HBCD and TBBPA in paddy soils. Based on the study, it was estimated that there were about 1.67 tons HBCD and 2.20 tons TBBPA deposited into sediments of the Liaohe River system every year. The total mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA in sediments were far higher than that in paddy soils.     

浅谈化工园区企业无组织排放有机废气的防治对策研究

当前,中国已基本实现了化工类企业的进园入区,虽然各企业实现了废气的达标排放,但由于叠加效应等因素的影响,化工异味已经成为环境监管的难点和群众投诉的焦点。通过对化工园区内企业无组织排放的各类有机废气的特点、毒性、种类和来源进行剖析,探讨了无组织排放有机废气的收集处理方法和相应治理措施对策,对该类废气的日常环境监管提出了具体建议,并结合实际案例强化了对无组织废气进行防治是完全可行和必要的。未来,加强化工园区内企业无组织排放废气的监管和新废气治理技术的研发应用,区域环境空气质量和群众对环境满意率必将得到显著提高。     

大连市夏季人体舒适度评价研究

以大连市1984年－2013年逐年7、8月的日平均温度、相对湿度及平均风速等气象数据为基础,基于模糊综合评价法,对大连市夏季人体舒适度现状进行分析与评价,得到结论如下：用模糊综合评判大连市气候舒适度最适合的评判标准为气温22℃、相对湿度70％和风速2 m／s;大连市总体气候舒适状况良好,夏季相对最舒适的时间段为第6旬（8月20日～8月31日）,最不舒适的时间段为第4旬（8月1日～8月10日）;由于大连市夏季经常伴有雷阵雨甚至暴雨天气以及湿度大等原因,使得炎热气温所造成的不舒适的天气状况常能得到改善,因此大连市夏季舒适程度所占比例较大。