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991.
微囊藻毒素(microcystins, MCs)是由水华蓝藻释放出来的一种有生物活性的环庚肽化合物,具有较强的肝毒性,MC-LR是其分布最广的和毒性最强的一个亚型。罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)是我国比较重要的一个水产养殖品种,但由于养殖水体富营养化程度比较严重,常常爆发蓝藻水华,给其健康养殖带来较大的威胁,但是关于MCs对罗氏沼虾的毒性机制研究的报道较少。因此,使用环境相关浓度的MC-LR(0.5和5μg·L~(-1))处理罗氏沼虾1、2和3周,通过组织学观察、免疫组化定位、氧化应激指标测定以及荧光定量PCR技术探究养殖水体中常见浓度MCs对罗氏沼虾的毒害效应及潜在机制。研究结果表明,较高环境相关浓度(5μg·L~(-1))的MCs会在罗氏沼虾肝胰腺中显著富集,诱导氧化应激,破坏肝胰腺的形态和结构,并且破坏作用随暴露时间延长而加剧,并发生细胞凋亡。而较低浓度的MCs(0.5μg·L~(-1))对肝胰腺的影响相对较小,但是依然会诱导罗氏沼虾肝胰腺氧化应激,并且在长时间作用下也会给肝胰腺组织带来损伤。上述研究结果证明,环境相关浓度的MCs对罗氏沼虾也有一定的毒害作用,并且毒害作用呈剂量与时间依赖效应。 相似文献
992.
多物种系统在农药生态效应的评估中不可或缺,有必要探索系统的建立和应用,为此笔者构建了包含隆线溞(Daphnia carinata)、中华薄壳介(Dolerocypris sinensis)和锯缘真剑水蚤(Eucyclops serrulatus) 3种节肢动物当中的1种或全部,以及包含萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)的4组多物种系统。它们被用来测量杀虫剂毒死蜱的群落效应。研究结果显示,包含3种节肢动物的测试系统比只包含1种的系统中群落结构更稳定,更能够揭示杀虫剂对轮虫的诱导效应,其对杀虫剂也更敏感。毒死蜱在该系统内的最高无作用浓度(NOEC)和最低有效浓度(LOEC)分别为0.25和1.25μg·L~(-1)。本研究所构建的是一类总氮、总磷和浊度水平趋于下降的测试系统。杀虫剂的引入促进了系统内p H、铵态氮和电导率水平的上升以及总氮、总磷和浊度水平的下降。从LOEC的数值及持续时间上看,游离态壳二糖酶可以被用来指示农药对浮游动物的胁迫。本研究的结果显示,包含3种节肢动物的测试系统能够更准确地衡量农药对浮游动物的生态胁迫。 相似文献
993.
Zhihao Si Xinshan Song Xin Cao Yuhui Wang Yifei Wang Yufeng Zhao Xiaoyan Ge Awet Arefe Tesfahunegn 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(1):4
994.
Jian Wang Qun Wang Xueli Gao Xinxia Tian Yangyang Wei Zhen Cao Chungang Guo Huifeng Zhang Zhun Ma Yushan Zhang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(1):6
995.
间羟基苯甲醛生产废水的处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了萃取法处理间羟基苯甲醛生产废水的工艺条件,并在此基础上进行了废水的生化处理试验。结果表明:萃余液稀释15倍后用活性污泥法处理,出水COD能达到排放标准。 相似文献
996.
Feng Shi-Jin Bai Zhen-Bai Chen Hong-Xin Cao Ben-Yi Lu Shi-Feng Chen Yun-Min 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(15):14614-14625
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A dual-permeability hydro-biodegradation model is developed to describe the leachate flow in municipal solid waste (MSW) and predict the long-term... 相似文献
997.
Ying Cao Shuang Du Ting-Ting Chen Meng Chen Hua-Jie Wang 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(12):4430-4440
Zein, one of corn processing byproducts, has excellent film-forming ability. However, zein does not have intrinsic antibacterial or antioxidant activity which limits its direct applicability as active food packaging material. In the present study, the rod-shaped micro-sized ZnO crystals were incorporated into zein films to construct zein-based active films as active packaging material with antibacterial property. The morphologies, structural analysis and sizes of ZnO crystals were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Prepared zein films were evaluated for ZnO loading and distribution. Furthermore, antibacterial activities on Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria were tested by using the disc diffusion method. Lastly, the stability of zein-based active films under the different storage temperature and humidity was investigated. The results showed that zein based-active films had well mechanical properties, stability and antibacterial activities, which were related to the sizes of ZnO crystals in films. 相似文献
998.
Minghong Wu Jiajia Xiang Fenfen Chen Cao Fu Gang Xu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(25):20291-20299
Antidepressants are gaining public attention because of increasing reports of their occurrence in environment and their potential impact on ecosystems and human health. Continuous input of pharmaceuticals into rivers, through psychiatric hospital or wastewater treatment plant (WWTPs) effluent, may cause adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystems of the receiving water bodies. This work investigates the occurrence and sources of 8 antidepressants in main stream and tributaries of Huangpu River in Shanghai. The detected concentrations of the selected antidepressants ranged from low nanogram per liter to 42.9 ng L?1 (fluoxetine) in main stream and ranged from low nanogram per liter to 33.7 ng L?1 (fluoxetine) in tributaries. To study the effect of hospital or wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on environment, the upstream and downstream samples were analyzed. Generally, antidepressants had greater concentrations in downstream than that in upstream of the WWTPs or hospitals. It is suggesting that WWTPs and hospitals may introduce pollution into water environment. A preliminary risk assessment was conducted: none of the eight target compounds yielded risk quotient (RQ) values more than 0.1, thus indicating that no adverse effect is expected in water environment. These results will provide background data for future antidepressants pollution control and management in Shanghai, China. 相似文献
999.
Lin Chen Yue Wang Chuqing Cao Chang Liu Liang Zhu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(31):24261-24271
Considering the increasing incorporation of manufactured nano-material into consumer products, there is a concern about its potential impacts in biological wastewater treatment. In this study, the response of anaerobic sludge to the presence of Bi2WO6 nano-particles (NPs) was investigated in the anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). As the concentration of Bi2WO6 in the reactor was controlled around 1 mg/L, there was no significant difference in effluent water quality or bacterial activities before and after NP exposure, partially due to the microbial-induced NP aggregation and stable complex formation. However, with the increasing dosage of Bi2WO6 from 5 to 40 mg/L, great influences on the AnMBR performance were observed, including the reduction of COD removal efficiency, inhibition of the mechanization step, increased production of soluble microbial products, and enhanced secretion of extracellular polymer substrates. Additional investigation with high-throughput sequencing was conducted, clearly demonstrating that Bi2WO6 NPs induced changes in the bacterial community. 相似文献
1000.
邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)污染及其毒性研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)作为重要的增塑剂被广泛应用于涂料、食品包装、医疗器材、儿童玩具等产品中。研究表明DEHP在水、土壤、空气等各个环境要素以及食物、饮用水中已被普遍检出,并对环境产生潜在的危害。本文通过分析国内外DEHP的环境暴露和毒性效应的研究成果,总结了DEHP在室外大气、室内空气、土壤、地表水、地下水、食品和饮用水中的污染现状,并对DEHP的替代产品进行总结;此外,本文深入探讨了DEHP对水生生物和陆生生物的生态毒性效应,以及对生殖发育、肝脏、呼吸系统和神经系统等的健康毒性效应。最后,结合DEHP在环境暴露调查和毒性效应研究方面的不足,指出需要进一步加强我国DEHP的环境暴露调查,制定相关环境基准值与标准限值,开展慢性生态毒性效应和人体健康毒性效应等方面的研究。 相似文献