Environmental courts and foreign direct investments: evidence from China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As China’s pollution problems worsen, environmental disputes are increasing rapidly. However, only 1% of environmental disputes can be resolved...     

XPS and NMR analyze the combined forms of Pb in Cladophora rupestris subcells and its detoxification

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the combined forms of Pb in Cladophora rupestris (L.) (C. rupestris) were investigated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and...     

一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法

Costanza等提出的生态服务价值化评估方法在中国直接运用存在一些缺陷:低估或者忽略了某些生态系统服务价值。因此,笔者在其生态系统服务价值评估体系的基础上分别在2002年和2006年对中国700位具有生态学背景的专业人员进行问卷调查,得出了新的生态系统服务评估单价体系。通过对比发现,调查获得的基于专家知识的生态系统服务单价体系与基于物质量估算的生态系统服务价值之间具有较好的可比性。该基于专家知识的生态系统服务评估体系可以用于已知土地利用面积的生态系统服务价值估算,能在较短时间内获得较为精确的结果。     

复合垂直流人工湿地的脱氮机理及影响因素分析

采用沸石和砾石作为填料,研究复合垂直流人工湿地处理农村生活污水的脱氮机理。试验结果表明:复合垂直流人工湿地对污水中氮的去除主要发生在下行流填料柱中,其去除机理主要是微生物对溶解态氮的硝化和反硝化作用;悬浮态氮沉积在填料孔隙中,会出现"氮释放"现象;水温、气水比、碳氮比、氮源形式等因素对湿地系统的脱氮效率有显著影响。     

Biological hydrogen production from organic wastewater by dark fermentation in China: Overview and prospects

Biological hydrogen production by dark fermentation is an important part of biological hydrogen production technologies. China is a typical developing country that heavily relies on fossil fuels; thus, new, clean, and sustainable energy development turns quite urgent. It is delightful that Chinese government has already drawn up several H₂ development policies since 1990s and provided financial aid to launch some H₂ development projects. In this paper, the research status on dark fermentative hydrogen production in China was summarized and analyzed. Subsequently, several new findings and achievements, with some of which transformed into scale-up tests, were highlighted. Moreover, some prospecting coupling processes with dark fermentation of hydrogen production were also proposed to attract more research interests in the future.     

Dawson结构磷钨钒杂多酸的表征及其光催化性能

通过FTIR、UV、循环伏安法对自制的Dawson结构磷钨钒杂多酸催化剂的结构及电化学性能进行表征.以甲基橙溶液模拟工业染料废水,考察了磷钨钒杂多酸光催化降解性能的影响因素.实验结果表明:自制磷钨钒杂多酸具有Dawson结构,表现出良好的电化学性能;在磷钨钒杂多酸加入量为1.5 g/L、初始甲基橙质量浓度为10 mg/L、紫外灯功率为500W的条件下,经紫外光照射200 min,甲基橙降解率可达98.3％.     

UF膜与混凝粉末活性炭联用处理微污染原水

采用混凝、粉末活性炭和UF膜分离的联用技术对黄浦江原水进行试验 ,结果表明 ,混凝、粉末活性炭可有效地去除溶解性有机物 .混凝处理主要去除大分子量的有机物 ,粉末活性炭主要去除低分子量的有机物 .混凝、粉末活性炭还能有效地去除三氯甲烷生成潜能 (THMFP) ,对于低分子量的THMFP ,混凝去除效果很差 ,而粉末活性炭去除很好 .试验还表明 ,混凝、粉末活性炭还可大大降低膜的滤饼层阻力 ,当混凝剂投加量为 4mg/L时 ,膜的滤饼层阻力最小 .     

煤矿安全量化管理方法的深化研究

对煤矿安全量化管理方法进行了理论上的深化和手段上的完善,提出了利用层次分析法确定安全管理目标标准分的方法,研制了实用、有效的应用软件系统。     

镉对南美蟛蜞菊光合特性的影响

镉(Cd)积累是造成土壤重金属污染的重要因素之一,它是一种对植物生理代谢过程产生诸多影响的环境胁迫因子,光合作用的变化可以直接反映植物对Cd胁迫的适应特性.通过对外来植物南美蟛蜞菊(Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc.)生长过程不同程度的Cd胁迫处理,利用光合气体交换与叶绿素荧光技术,初步观测盆栽土壤中不同质量分数的Cd对南美蟛蜞菊叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、叶绿素质量分数与荧光特征等光合特性的影响.结果显示:①当土壤中Cd质量分数达到5 mg·kg-1时,叶片净光合速率Pn明显降低,但蒸腾速率Tr和气孔导度gs降幅较小,水分利用率WUE则没有表现出明显差异;②随着土壤中Cd的增加,叶绿素a质量分数与叶绿素a/b降低,但叶绿素b变化不明显;③ Cd质量分数达到2 mg·kg-1时,初始荧光Fo与光化效率Fv/Fm变化明显,光系统Ⅱ电子传递速率ETR和量子效率ΦPSⅡ从Cd质量分数为0.5 mg·kg-1起有明显变化.由此看出,Cd对叶绿素有一定程度的破坏作用,其中光反应中心对Cd胁迫尤为敏感,叶片光合速率和光能转化效率的下降与此密切相关.     

Ammonia emissions from different pig production scales and their temporal variations in the North China Plain

ABSTRACT

Pig production systems in China are shifting from small to industrial scale. Significant variation in housing ammonia (NH₃) emissions can exist due to differences in diet, housing design, and management practices. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the impacts of farm-scale in China, which may be critical in identifying hotspots and mitigation targets. Here, continuous in-situ NH₃ concentration measurements were made at pig farms of different scales for sows and fattening pigs over periods of 3–6 days during two different seasons (summer vs. winter). For the sow farms, NH₃ emission rates were greater at the small farm (summer: 0.52 g pig^?1 hr^?1; winter: 0.21 g pig^?1 hr^?1) than at the large farm (summer: 0.34 g pig^?1 hr^?1; winter: 0.12 g pig^?1 hr^?1). For the fattening pig farms, NH₃ emission rates were greater at the large farm (summer: 0.22 g pig^?1 hr^?1; winter: 0.16 g pig^?1 hr^?1) than at the small farm (summer: 0.19 g pig^?1 hr^?1; winter: 0.07 g pig^?1 hr^?1). Regardless of farm scale, the NH₃ emission rates measured in summer were greater than those in winter; the NH₃ emission rates were greater in the daytime than at the nighttime; a positive relationship (R² = 0.06–0.68) was established between temperature and NH₃ emission rate, whereas a negative relationship (R² = 0.10–0.47) was found between relative humidity and NH₃ emission rate. The effect of farm-scale on indoor NH₃ concentration could mostly be explained by the differences in ventilation rates between farms. The diurnal variation in NH₃ concentration could be partly explained by ventilation rate (R² = 0.48–0.78) in the small traditional farms and by emission rate (R² = 0.26–0.85) in the large industrial farms, except for the large fattening pig farm in summer. Overall, mitigation of NH₃ emissions from sow farms should be a top priority in the North China Plain.

Implications: The present study firstly examined the farm-scale effect of ammonia emissions in the North China Plain. Of all farms, the sow farm was identified as the greatest source of ammonia emission. Regardless of farm scale, ammonia emission rates were observed to be higher in summer. Ammonia concentrations were mostly higher in the large industrial farms partly due to lower ventilation rates than in the small traditional farms.