桑叶中氟化物的快速测定

对桑叶进行氟含量的快速分析，是鉴定诊断污染事故的重要手段。在实际工作中，我们对《环境监测分析方法》离子选择电极法测定桑叶中氟含量进行了一些改进，并对两种方法进行了比对实验。实验结果是一致的，同时分析过程更加简便、快速。     

利用多孔陶珠固定化微生物细胞处理印染废水的研究

用自制多孔陶珠载体固定脱色混合菌,在不同pH、温度、增补营养浓度、固定化细胞与废水比率等条件对印染废水的脱色进行了试验.在最适条件下进行填充柱式反应器作扩大处理印染废水,脱色效果良好.     

Improvement of prenatal diagnosis of wilson disease using microsatellite markers

This paper describes a case of prenatal diagnosis for Wilson disease (WD) carried out in an at-risk couple of Sardinian descent, following non-directive genetic counselling. Diagnosis was obtained by using eight microsatellites located within or flanking the WD locus, six of which were 100 per cent and two 50 per cent informative. The use of several markers may limit the occurrence of misdiagnosis resulting from recombination or instability of repeats.     

21世纪环境决策必须应对城市化的挑战

1　全球城市化发展趋势随着人类文明的进步、社会生产技术和组织形式的发展以及居住方式的变化 ,城市作为人类居住的载体 ,不断处于变化之中。在发展变化过程中 ,古老的农村文化逐步让位于新兴的城市文明 ,传统的男耕女织农业生产逐步被现代的机械化工业生产取代 ,小桥流水人家的村庄逐步为车水马龙的城市淹没。 2 0 0 0年是极不寻常的一年 ,对人类发展的历史来说标志着新世纪和新千年的开始 ,对世界城市化过程来说标志着世界开始进入城市化的时代 ,一半以上人居住在城市 ,城市人口达到 30亿。在这样的背景条件下 ,世界城市化的趋势将会出现…     

黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场果园景观生态建设研究

本文通过对黑岱沟露天煤矿开发所形成新的人工环境条件下的气候和土壤等因子分析，应用景观生态学原理，规划建设了以观赏为主的果园观生态建设。通过对所载植果树和其它乔灌木的观测研究，筛选出了适宜于排土场生长的杏树、苹果梨、１２３苹果、山桃等果树品种，以及油松、旱柳、榆树、沙棘、玫瑰和先辈乔灌木品种，完成了排土场的景观生态建设工作，为矿区大面积土地复垦提供了依据。     

单甲脒农药对的毒性研究

在２０℃条件下应用换液的方法研究单甲脒农药对大型（Ｄａｐｈｎｉａｍａｇｎａ）、方形网纹（Ｃｅｒｉｏｄａｐｈｎｉａｑｕａｄｒａｎｇｕｌａ）、老年低额（Ｓｉｍｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｖｅｔｕｌｕｓ）的急性毒性和慢性毒性．结果表明，单甲脒对类的毒性中等，４８ｈＥＣ５０值在５５２—１５１４ｍｇ／Ｌ之间，老年低额比较敏感，大型耐性较强．２１ｄ繁殖实验结果获得单甲脒对老年低额的最大无影响浓度（ＮＯＥＣ）为００３２ｍｇ／Ｌ，最低有影响浓度（ＬＯＥＣ）为００６３ｍｇ／Ｌ，其最大允许浓度（ＭＡＴＣ）估计为００５ｍｇ／Ｌ，应用系数为００１．溶液ｐＨ值对单甲脒毒性有明显影响，其毒性随ｐＨ值的增加而下降     

Transabdominal chorionic villus sampling: Fetal loss rate in relation to maternal and gestational age

In this paper we report the fetal loss rate in relation to both maternal and gestational age in 1764 pregnant women who underwent transabdominal chorionic villus sampling (TA-CVS) between January 1986 and August 1990. The fetal loss rate, considered as a proportion of continuing pregnancies, decreased with advancing gestational age at sampling from 4.3 per cent before 9 weeks to 0.4 per cent at or after 13 weeks, the difference being statistically significant (p <0.025). The fetal loss rate increased from 1.6 per cent in women under 30 to 2.4 per cent in women of 40 years or over, but the difference was not statistically significant. Considering that the total fetal loss rate before 28 weeks' gestation was on average 1.91 percent (1.3 per cent under 35 years and 2.8 per cent in women of 35 or over), we believe that TA-CVS is a safe and effective technique for prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases.     

Soil quality evolution after land use change from paddy soil to vegetable land

A survey was done in 15 typical villages, 150 soil and 86 vegetable plant samples were taken in Jiaxin prefecture of the Taihu Lake region, northern Zhejian province. Results indicate that after 15-20 years land use changed from the paddy rice-wheat (or oilseed rape) double cropping system, to a continuous vegetable land has caused soil quality dramatic change. (1) Acidification: average soil pH was 5.4; about 61% of total samples were pH < 5.5. It was 0.9 units lower than 10 years ago with same upland vegetable cultivation and was 1.2 units lower than soil pH of paddy rice-wheat (or oilseed rape) rotation. (2) Fertilizer salt accumulation: the average salt content was 0.28%, among these about 36.2% of the total samples contained more than 0.3%. (3) Nitrate N and available phosphorus (P) over accumulation: on average it was 279 mg NO3-N/kg, and 45-115 mg P/kg. Nitrate N four times higher and available P 4-10 times more than it is in present paddy rice-wheat rotation soils respectively. This has caused wide concern because of possible groundwater and well drinking water pollution by leached nitrate N and the P losses to water by runoff from vegetable lands induce surface water eutrophication.     

鄂中丘陵地区农户生态系统能流分析

本文分析了鄂中丘陵地区一个典型农户生态系统的能流途径,人工辅助能的输入结构,各亚系统的能量输入、输出组成和能量流动关系,以及能量转化效率。以70个农户的样本分析研究了投能结构对能效的影响规律。结果表明,当地农户生态系统仍是一种以有机能为主要人工辅助的封闭性较强的能量转化系统;增加人工辅助能,特别是无机能的投入可以增加能量产出。     

砖红壤上木麻黄接种Frankia菌的研究

在砖红壤上未经Frankia菌接种的木麻黄苗结瘤率很低，而用高效的菌株接种后，苗木的结瘤和生长显著提高．某些菌株之间存在着协同作用．在砖红壤中施加草木灰或适量的石灰，有利于根瘤的形成，从而促进苗木的生长．但过量的石灰则产生抑制作用．