Acute associations between air pollution on premature rupture of membranes in Hefei,China

Numerous studies had focused on the association between air pollution and health outcomes in recent years. However, little evidence is available on associations between air pollutants and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Therefore, we performed time-series analysis to evaluate the association between PROM and air pollution. The daily average concentrations of PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂ were 54.58 μg/m³, 13.06 μg/m³ and 46.09 μg/m³, respectively, and daily maximum 8-h average O₃ concentration was 95.67 μg/m³. The strongest effects of SO₂, NO₂ and O₃ were found in lag4, lag06 and lag09, and an increase of 10 μg/m³ in SO₂, NO₂ and O₃ was corresponding to increase in incidence of PROM of 8.74% (95% CI 2.12–15.79%), 3.09% (95% CI 0.64–5.59%) and 1.68% (95% CI 0.28–3.09%), respectively. There were no significant effects of PM_2.5 on PROM. Season-specific analyses found that the effects of PM_2.5, SO₂ and O₃ on PROM were more obvious in cold season, but the statistically significant effect of NO₂ was observed in warm season. We also found the modifying effects by maternal age on PROM, and we found that the effects of SO₂ and NO₂ on PROM were higher among younger mothers (<?35 years) than advanced age mothers (≥?35 years); however,?≥?35 years group were more vulnerable to O₃ than?<?35 years group. This study indicates that air pollution exposure is an important risk factor for PROM and we wish this study could provide evidence to local government to take rigid approaches to control emissions of air pollutants.

     

Effects of glucose dehydrogenase gene knock-out in Acetobacter sp. On the metabolism of carbon sources and the synthesis of 3-hydroxypropionic acid北大核心CSCD

3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is an emerging platform chemical with a high added-value. Resting cells of Acetobacter sp. can efficiently catalyze 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) to 3-HP. Glucose is oxidized by the membrane-bound dehydrogenase, resulting in an acidic environment that inhibits cell growth and reduces the biomass. We deleted the gdh gene for glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and investigated the effects on cell growth, carbon metabolism, and 3-HP production. The gdh gene knocked-out showed a 1.72-fold increase in biomass in the mixed medium containing glucose and glycerol. A carbon flux analysis showed that glucose was converted to gluconic acid by GDH, followed by an oxidation to 2-ketogluconic acid. In addition, a small percentage of the gluconic acid was degraded via the pentose phosphate pathway. Glycerol was phosphorylated and entered the central pathway (gluconeogenesis). Results indicate that the deletion of gdh can effectively promote higher cell densities and improve the catalytic performance for the production of 3-HP, and thus provide a theoretical reference for improving the carbon source utilization and the catalytic performance of acetic acid bacteria. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

The effects of intensive aquaculture on nutrient residence time and transport in a coastal embayment

Aquaculture in many countries around the world has become the biggest source of seafood for human consumption. While it alleviates the pressure on wild capture fisheries, the long-term impacts of large-scale, intensive aquaculture on natural coastal systems need to be better understood. In particular, aquaculture may alter habitat and exceed the carrying capacity of coastal marine ecosystems. In this paper, we develop a high-resolution numerical model for Sanggou Bay, one of the largest kelp and shellfish aquaculture sites in Northern China, to investigate the effects of aquaculture on nutrient transport and residence time in the bay. Drag from aquaculture is parameterized for surface infrastructure, kelp canopies, and bivalve cages. A model for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) includes transport, vertical turbulent mixing, sediment and bivalve sources, and a sink due to kelp uptake. Test cases show that, due to drag from the dense aquaculture and thus a reduction of horizontal transport, kelp production is limited because DIN from the Yellow Sea is consumed before reaching the interior of the kelp farms. Aquaculture drag also causes an increase in the nutrient residence time from an average of 5 to 10 days in the middle of Sanggou Bay, and from 25 to 40 days in the shallow inner bay. Low exchange rates and a lack of DIN uptake by kelp make these regions more susceptible to phytoplankton blooms due to high nutrient retention. The risk is further increased when DIN concentrations rise due to river inflows.     

一种准分布式内加热刚玉管FBG渗流速率监测方法

岩土体中的渗流是引发各种地质灾害的重要因素。针对现有渗流监测技术的不足,提出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅FBG的准分布式内加热刚玉管FBG渗流监测方法;介绍了该方法的原理;发明了一种新型内加热刚玉管渗流传感器;推导出了温度特征值与渗流速率之间的关系,并通过砂性土室内模型试验对此关系进行了率定。试验结果表明:(1)本方法对砂性土中渗流速率进行监测是可行的;(2)利用刚玉管封装的新型传感器具有很好的监测性能;(3)在给定加热功率条件下,一定渗流速率范围内,温度特征值与渗流速率间存在线性关系,渗流速率越大,温度特征值越小;(4)一定加热功率条件下的渗流速率监测存在相应的测试量程,提高给定加热功率可提高监测量程。     

基于多目标优化的低影响开发设施布局方法

以海绵城市试点区-南昌市某分流制区域为例,针对低影响开发（LID）设施的最优成本效益问题,耦合了雨水管理模型（SWMM）和非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）,对LID设施建设成本、径流SS负荷削减率、径流量削减率3个目标函数进行多目标优化.得到了一系列完整的成本效益曲线（帕累托解集）,实现了区域LID设施建设方案的自动寻优.比较不同降雨重现期（P=2、5、15 a）条件下的优化结果,发现LID设施在径流SS负荷控制方面不易受降雨重现期的影响;而在径流量控制方面,受降雨重现期影响较大,高成本LID设施建设方案也难以有效削减高重现期降雨径流.以帕累托解集中3种不同建设成本的方案为例,根据2016年实际降雨对不同方案下的水量水质的控制效果进行了模拟,决策者可以根据资金投入、控制目标、受纳水体环境容量从帕累托解集上选择适合的LID设施建设方案.     

四种重金属离子对河川沙塘鳢早期发育的毒性影响

以早期发育阶段河川沙塘鳢(包括胚胎和初孵仔鱼)为研究材料,研究Hg2+、Cr6+、Zn2+和Cu2+4种重金属离子对其的毒性影响.结果表明,4种重金属离子对河川沙塘鳢早期发育死亡率和孵化率影响大小依次为Hg2+ ＞Cu2+＞Zn2+ ＞Cr6+,沙塘鳢在神经胚期和出膜仔鱼期的死亡率较高,且在重金属离子处理初期,大多数低...     

Mn-Ce/Ti-Zr-柱撑膨润土催化剂低温选择性催化还原法脱硝

以改性的有机膨润土为原料,制备Ti、Zr共柱撑有机膨润土(Ti-Zr-OPILC),并通过浸渍法负载Mn、Ce,制备得催化剂Mn-Ce/Ti-Zr-OPILC,运用XRD、BET分析了催化剂的物理化学特性,并考察了催化剂对NO低温选择性催化还原反应的催化活性.实验结果表明:催化剂的比表面积得到很大提高,Mn和Ce在载体上分散性较好;在反应温度为220℃、体积空速为40 000 h-1、n(NH3)∶n(NO)为1、初始NO体积分数为0.06％、O2体积分数为3.6％时,对NO去除率高达95％以上.     

燃煤流化床钙基脱硫剂对NO转变率的影响及机理

在φ150mm×1000mm流化床试验台上,温度区间840℃～960℃,研究了钙基脱硫剂品种、粒径和Ca/S比对NO转变率的影响.阐述了钙基脱硫剂使NO转变率增加机理试验发现,同等质量钙基脱硫剂使NO增加的次序为氧化钙、石灰石、方解石;Ca/S比越大,NO转变率越高;粒径为1～2mm时NO转变率最大,2～3mm时次之,0.2～1mm时最小.加入脱硫剂降低了HCl、HF、SO₂的浓度,导致O、H、HO₂浓度升高,CO的氧化反应加速,在床料、燃料灰催化作用下CO与NO的反应减慢,最终导致NO浓度升高.     

天津地区菲的空间分异多介质归趋模型

在稳态假设条件下研究了菲在天津市的多介质分布和相间迁移.在探讨了废气排放和土壤有机质含量和土壤中菲降解速率常数的空间变异的基础上,建立了具有空间变异特征的多介质模型.并根据实际观测数据对平均浓度加以验证.所研究的4种介质的模型误差在0.5个对数单位左右,完全符合区域多介质模型的精度要求.土壤菲含量空间计算结果和实际观测数据在宏观尺度上表现出一致的趋势作为过程模型,这样的结果有助于解释形成其空间分异的原因,也为进一步研究奠定了基础模型计算结果表明,土壤和沉积物是该地区菲的主要汇,特别是沉积物中积累了菲总量的70%以上.大气菲的空间分布格局基本服从其人为排放特征,而土壤有机质含量对菲降解速率的影响决定了其在土壤中的分布.     

零价铁还原降解活性染料

在分别通氮气,不通氮气和曝气的情况下,在水溶液中用零价铁还原降解活性染料。实验发现：在不同的氛围中,活性染料的降解程度不同,其降解程度为：暴气〉不通氮气〉通氮气。在不同通氮 和曝气的条件下,活性染料的降解过程中有黄色絮状沉淀生成,经红外光谱鉴定为三聚氯氰的取代产物。