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941.
Philip Andrews-Speed Armando Zamora Christopher D. Rogers Lei Shen Shelley Cao & Minying Yang 《Natural resources forum》2002,26(1):45-54
The effective management of small-scale mines is one of the major challenges for governments in the mining sector. Small-scale mining may bring tangible, short-term benefits to the communities involved. However, these benefits are frequently outweighed by the costs incurred in terms of illness, injury, pollution, waste of natural resources and market distortions. Governments, international agencies and advisers are generally able to draw up lists of actions which are required to regulate and manage small-scale mines more effectively, but turning plans into sustained action has proved more difficult. Two aspects of policy implementation are crucial to success: the alignment of interests, and the attitude and effectiveness of government. Using a case study of township and village coal mines in China, this article develops an approach to analysing these issues that could assist regional policy makers and advisers in formulating policy, in identifying key obstacles to policy implementation, and in identifying particular parties which need to be infiuenced or educated in order for the policy to succeed. 相似文献
942.
论可持续发展的基本组织单元和层次体系 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在可持续发展的实践中,选择合适的基本组织单元和建立适当的管理层次体系非常重要。本文在论述各种区域划分类型的基础上,提出可持续发展的基本组织单元应以行政功能区划为主,选择市(带县)作为可持续发展的基本组织单元,同时要兼顾经济因素和自然因素;在我国以国家、省、市(带县)作为可持续发展实践的三级体系较为适宜;并论述了区域内部和外部的调控和优化 相似文献
943.
Cadmium(Cd) and arsenic(As) are two of the most toxic elements. However, the chemical behaviors of these two elements are different, making it challenging to utilize a single adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for both Cd(Ⅱ) and As(Ⅴ) removal. To solve this problem, we synthesized HA/Fe-Mn oxides-loaded biochar(HFMB), a novel ternary material,to perform this task, wherein scanning electron microscopy(SEM) combined with EDS(SEMEDS) was used to characterize its morphological and physicochemical properties. The maximum adsorption capacity of HFMB was 67.11 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ) and 35.59 mg/g for As(Ⅴ),which is much higher compared to pristine biochar(11.06 mg/g, 0 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ) and As(Ⅴ),respectively). The adsorption characteristics were investigated by adsorption kinetics and the effects of the ionic strength and pH of solutions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) revealed that chelation and deposition were the adsorption mechanisms that bound Cd(Ⅱ) to HFMB, while ligand exchange was the adsorption mechanism that bound As(Ⅴ). 相似文献
944.
Profiles of and variations in aluminum species in PAC-MC used for the removal of blooming microalgae
Polyaluminum chloride modified clay (PAC-MC) is a safe and efficient red tide control agent that has been studied and applied worldwide. Although it is well known that the distribution of hydrolytic aluminum species in PAC affects its flocculation, little is known about the influence of particulars aluminum species on the microalgae removal efficiency of PAC-MC; this lack of knowledge creates a bottleneck in the development of more efficient MCs based on aluminum salts. The ferron method was used in this study to quantitatively analyze the distributions of and variations in different hydrolytic aluminum species during the process of microalgae removal by PAC-MC. The results showed that Ala, which made up 5%–20% of the total aluminum, and Alp, which made up 15%–55% of the total aluminum, significantly affected microalgae removal, with Pearson's correlation coefficients of 0.83 and 0.89, respectively. Most of the aluminum in the PAC-MC sank rapidly into the sediments, but the rate and velocity of settlement were affected by the dose of modified clay. The optimal dose of PAC-MC for precipitating microalgae was determined based on its aluminum profile. These results provide guidance for the precise application of PAC-MC in the control of harmful algal blooms. 相似文献
945.
Xianghui Cao Shouliang Huo Hanxiao Zhang Jiaqi Zheng Zhuoshi He Chunzi M Shuai Song 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(11):15-25
Emission intensity and climate change control the transport flux and fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in multiple environmental compartments. This study applied a multimedia model (BETR model) to explore alternations in the spatio-temporal trends of concentrations and transport flux of benzopyrene (BaP), phenanthrene (Phe), perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Chaohu watershed, located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China in response to changes in source emissions and climate. The potential historic and future risks of these pollutants also were assessed. The results suggest that current trends in concentrations and transport were similar to that of their emissions between 2005 and 2018. During the next 100 years, temporal trends and spatial patterns were not predicted to change significantly, which is consistent with climate change. Based on sensitivity and correlation analyses, climate change had significant effects on multi-media concentrations and transport fluxes of BaP, Phe, PFOS and PCBs, and rainfall intensity was the predominant controlling factor. Risk quotients (RQs) of BaP and Phe-in soil increased from 0.42 to 0.95 and 0.06 to 0.35, respectively, from 2005 to 2090, indicating potential risks. The RQs of the other examined contaminants exhibited little potential risk in soil, water, or sediment. Based on spatial patterns, it was inferred that the ecosystem around Lake Chaohu is the most at risk. The study provides insights needed for local pollution control of POPs in the Chaohu watershed. In addition, the developed approach can be applied to other watersheds world-wide. 相似文献
946.
Chengrun Wang Tingting Cheng Haitao Liu Fangyun Zhou Jifeng Zhang Min Zhang Xinya Liu Wenjun Shi Tong Cao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(5):336-346
Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) are less toxic and more biocompatible than selenite or selenate. However, studies involving spraying with Se NPs for reducing accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in rice grains have been rarely reported as yet. Herein, indica rice seedlings cultivated in Cd+Pb-spiked paddy soils (denoted as positive control) were sprayed with Se NPs sols for four times from tillering to booting stage. Compared to positive control, 50–100 μmol/L Se NPs downregulated Cd transporters-related genes such as OsLCT1, OsHMA2 and OsCCX2 in leaves and OsLCT1, OsPCR1 and OsCCX2 genes in node I at filling stage. Meanwhile, Se-binding protein 1 was distinctly elevated, involving the repression of Cd and Pb transportation to rice grains. Se NPs also differentially improved RuBP carboxylase and chlorophylls especially some key genes and proteins involving photosynthetic system. Besides, 25–50 μmol/L Se NPs diminished reactive oxygen species overproduction from NADPH oxidases whereas boosted glutathione peroxidase, reducing protein carbonylation in rice seedlings. However, the antioxidant isozymes and oxidatively modified proteins were slightly rebounded at 100 μmol/L. Se contents were noticeably elevated and confirmed to exist as selenomethionine in the rice grains following all the treatments by Se NPs. Thus, the optimal dosage of Se NPs for foliar application is 50 μmol/L, which significantly decreased Cd accumulation, improved photosynthesis and Se enrichment whereas caused no distinct reduction of Pb in the grains. Thus, an appropriate dosage of Se NPs can be conducted to decrease Cd accumulation, improve photosynthesis, and organic Se contents in rice grains. 相似文献
947.
于2017年1月1日—12月31日对南京市城区大气细粒子(PM2.5)化学组分(元素、水溶性离子和碳质组分)的小时质量浓度进行连续观测,采用正矩阵因子分析(Positive Matrix Factorization,PMF)模型分别基于全年观测数据(PMF全年)和逐月观测数据(PMF月份)进行源解析,比较不同观测周期源解析结果的差异以及对PM2.5各组分浓度估算的准确性.结果表明:不同观测周期下,PMF源解析结果中因子类型未发生改变,但因子组成和贡献分布存在较大差异.由于PMF模型假设同一观测周期内源成分谱不发生变化,只有基于逐月观测数据的PMF源解析才能体现全年范围内因子组成和贡献分布的变化.尽管PMF全年和PMF月份的分析结果均能准确估算PM2.5组分的月均浓度,但PMF月份结果对各组分小时浓度的估算值和观测值在时间变化上更一致.这是因为PMF模型要求对各组分浓度的平均值进行拟合,易低估(或高估)PM2.5组分在观测周期内的极大(或极小)值.因此,基于短期(例如,月份)高分辨观测数据的PMF分析... 相似文献
948.
通过对现行空间规划法律规范的体系性检视,发现由于立法策略、部门立法以及规划立法依附性等原因,其存在顶层立法付之阙如、外部结构冗杂扁平、内部规范碎片冲突等问题。遵循领域法、发展法以及体系化逻辑,国土空间规划立法应以现实问题与治理现代化为导向,在突破部门法壁垒的同时注重法制发展的接续性,力求实现国土空间规划法律体系的形式协调与价值融贯。构建国土空间规划法律体系,对内应确立国土空间规划法的基本法地位并辅之以配套立法,对外应注重与国土空间开发保护法等相关立法、国土空间政策与技术标准的衔接,最终构架起一个主轴明确、层次严密、差序有别的圆锥状国土空间规划法律体系。 相似文献
949.
为研究大型底栖动物FFGs(功能摄食类群)分布及其与水环境变化的响应关系,分别于2020年夏季和秋季对黑河大型底栖动物和水环境因子进行采样调查,采用生物多样性指数、冗余分析(RDA)和功能摄食类群参数分析不同区域FFGs的分布及水环境的健康状况.结果表明:(1)黑河大型底栖动物以捕食者和刮食者占绝对优势,其次为收集者、滤食者、撕食者.大型底栖动物FFGs群落的物种数、密度、生物量和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(HFD′)由高到低均表现为中游>上游支流>上游干流,且均为夏季大于秋季,但Pielou均匀度指数(JFD′)时空差异不显著.(2)冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,夏季影响大型底栖动物FFGs群落的主要环境因子为水温(WT)、电导率(EC)、溶解性总固体(TDS)浓度、盐度(Salinity)、溶解氧(DO)浓度、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)浓度和高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)浓度;秋季影响大型底栖动物FFGs群落的主要环境因子为WT、TDS浓度、Salinity、CODM... 相似文献
950.
Zhou Jiacheng Shen Qicheng Yang Jie Tariq Muhammad Sun Wei Cao Limei Yang Ji 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(46):65487-65498
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Co3O4 is a promising Hg0 removal catalyst for industrial application. Operating temperature and low sulfur resistance are two of the main problems... 相似文献