高架复合道路噪声声场分布研究

高架复合道路有效地缓解了交通拥挤的问题，但随之也带来了严重的噪声污染，以几何声学和衍射声学为理论基础，利用声级叠加原理，建立了高架复合道路噪声对临街建筑立面影响的预测模式。预测值与实测值基本相符，可直接应用于城市噪声预测。为城市发展规划尤其是城市高架复合道路的发展提供了科学依据。     

活性炭多维电极法去除水中腐殖酸过程与宏观动力学研究

采用活性炭多维电极法去除水中溶解态腐殖酸。实验结果表明 ,与活性炭单纯吸附法相比 ,活性炭多维电极法可显著提高对溶解态腐殖酸的去除率 ;在连续运行条件下 ,延长水力停留时间、升高槽电压、溶液偏碱性有利于腐殖酸的去除 ;高效液相色谱分析结果表明 ,电极的氧化还原作用可使有机物分子量变小或矿化 ,因而处理系统有可能延长活性炭的使用寿命     

无机陶瓷纳滤膜分离高钠盐废水中的锶

本实验研究表明，仅用截留分子量为1000的无机陶瓷纳滤膜分离高钠盐模拟溶液中的锶，分离效果并不理想。为提高陶瓷纳滤膜对锶的选择分离效果，选择了分子量为3000的聚丙烯酸作为陶瓷纳滤膜分离的强化剂，重点探讨了溶液pH值、聚丙烯酸浓度、温度及离子强度对模拟溶液盐分离效果和膜通量的影响，并得到了适宜的锶钠分离条件。实验结果表明，在适宜条件下，通过聚丙烯酸强化和两级分离，陶瓷纳滤膜可大大提高模拟溶液中锶离子的选择分离效果，锶／钠的分离因子高达205。     

Photolytic treatment of atrazine-contaminated water: products, kinetics, and reactor design.

This study investigates the products, kinetics, and reactor design of atrazine photolysis under 254-nm ultraviolet-C (UVC) irradiation. With an initial atrazine concentration of 60 microg/L (60 ppbm), only two products remain in detectable levels. Up to 77% of decomposed atrazine becomes hydroxyatrazine, the major product. Both atrazine and hydroxyatrazine photodecompose following the first-order rate equation, but the hydroxyatrazine photodecomposition rate is significantly slower than that of atrazine. For atrazine photodecomposition, the rate constant is proportional to the square of UVC output, but inversely proportional to the reactor volume. For a photochemical reactor design, a series of equations are proposed to calculate the needed UVC output power, water treatment capacity, and atrazine outlet concentration.     

Photocatalysis enhancement by electric field: TiO2 thin film for degradation of dye X-3B

According to the theory of photocatalysis, the efficiency of photocatalysis decreases mostly due to the recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. An electric field across a photocatalyst can promote the separation of photo-generated electrons and holes and prevent them from recombination so as to enhance the efficiency of photocatalysis. And the synergetic decomposition efficiency of photocatalysis and an electric field is greater than that of the simple combine of their single efficiency. The performance of photocatalysis enhanced by electric field (PEEF) and operating conditions such as the direction of the electric field, the voltages between the two electrodes, the material of the electrodes, which may affect the efficiency of PEEF, were investigated in this paper. The results indicate that the system of PEEF abides the established theory of photocatalysis.     

Copper tolerance,uptake and accumulation by Phragmites australis

Copper (Cu) uptake and accumulation of five populations of Phragmites australis growing in two mine sites (Parys Mountain, Wales, UK and Plombières, Belgium) contaminated with Cu and three 'clean' sites (Felixstowe, UK; Wisbech, UK and Mai Po, Hong Kong) were studied under field and glasshouse conditions. Cu tolerances in these populations of seedlings raised from seeds collected from the above five sites were also studied under glasshouse conditions. Although concentrations of Cu in the plant tissues (leaves, stems, rhizomes and roots) of P. australis and the associated soils from the Cu-contaminated sites were significantly higher than those of the plant tissues and the soils collected in the clean sites, small differences were found between the two Cu-contaminated populations and the three clean populations when seedlings were grown in 0.1 and 0.5 microg ml(-1) Cu treatment solutions. In general, different populations of seedlings showed similar growth responses, metal uptake and indices of Cu tolerance when cultured in the same Cu treatment solution for 3 weeks. There was insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that the Cu-contaminated populations have evolved to Cu-tolerant ecotypes.     

Enhanced uptake of As, Zn, and Cu by Vetiveria zizanioides and Zea mays using chelating agents

Vetiveria zizaniodes (vetiver) is commonly known for its effectiveness in soil and sediment erosion control. It can tolerate to extreme soil conditions and produce a high biomass even growing in contaminated areas. Zea mays (maize) can also produce a very high biomass with a fast growth rate and possesses some degree of metal tolerance. A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using vetiver and maize for remediation of arsenic (As)-, zinc (Zn-), and copper (Cu)-amended soils and evaluate the effects of chelating agents on metal uptake by these plants. Vetiver had a better growth (dry weight yield of root and shoot) than maize under different treatment conditions. The effects of different chelating agents on As, Zn, and Cu extraction from soil to soil solution were studied. Among the nine chelating agents used, it was noted that 20 mmol NTA could maximize As and Zn bioavailability, while 20 mmol HEIDA could maximize Cu bioavailability in the soil solution. The surge time in maximizing metal uptake ranged from 16 to 20 days which indicated that timing on plant harvest was an important factor in enhanced metal accumulation. In general, vetiver was a more suitable plant species than maize in terms of phytoextraction of metals from metal-contaminated soil. Application of NTA in As-amended soil and HEIDA in Cu-amended soil at the rate of 20 mmol kg(-1) increased 3-4-fold of As and Cu in shoot of both plants, whereas application of NTA (20 mmol kg(-1)) increased 37- and 1.5-fold of Zn accumulation in shoot of vetiver and maize, respectively. The potential environmental risk of metal mobility caused by chelating agents used for phytoextraction should not be overlooked.     

水解-酸化法在味精废水处理中的应用

结合江苏南通天字味精厂的工程实例,介绍了以水解-酸化法为主体的味精废水处理工艺的原理、特点和应用中注意的问题.该工艺运行结果表明:在治理味精废水方面具有较佳的耐冲击性能;出水稳定达标;操作运行管理方便;投资成本和运行费用均较低.从其优势看有良好的应用前景.     

绿色设计与绿色化学设计

根据绿色设计的基本定义，特点，过程与原则，将绿色设计与传统设计与进行比较，阐述绿色化学设计的主要内容。     

长江、嘉陵江(重庆段)源水有机提取物的致突变活性及其季节变化

为了确定并比较重庆主城区段长江、嘉陵江源水有机提取物的致突变性及其季节变化规律，分别于春、夏、冬季采用GDX－120大孔树脂，对位于城区上游、城区中段、城区下游以长江、嘉陵江源水的5个水厂的进厂水进行了有机物的浓缩提取。提取物的致突变活性采用经典的Ames试验平板掺入法评估，测试菌株为TA98及TA100，同时做加与不加S9的比较。结果显示，嘉陵江及长江源水的有机提取物均有不同程度的致突变活性。嘉陵江源水明显大于长江源水，城区中段源水明显大于上游段及下游段源水。多数断面显示平水期致突变活较为显著并且移码型致突变性大于碱基置换型致密变性。研究结果提示，城市污染源已导致长江、嘉陵江源水具备致突变活性，控制两江沿岸的各种水污染源已成为当务之急。