Solubilization of substituted indole compounds by beta-cyclodextrin in water

The solubilization of four pairs of substituted indole compounds (SICs) by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in water was investigated. The results show that 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole and N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole form 1:1 inclusion complexes with β-CD, while the other six SICs form 1:2 inclusion complexes, respectively. To each pair of SICs with similar structures, the differences between their solubilization in β-CD/water solutions has been explained by the difference of their contact area within the β-CD cavity, the difference of their molecule polarity, or the presence of hydrogen bond between SIC molecule and β-CD molecule.     

System-level responses of lake ecosystems to chemical stresses using exergy and structural exergy as ecological indicators

This paper presents the system-level responses of experimental lake ecosystems to three chemical stresses (acidification, copper and pesticide contamination) using exergy and structural exergy as ecological indicators. The results indicate that the doses or toxicity of the three chemical stressors contributed to changes in both exergy and structural exergy. Remarkable changes in exergy and structural exergy occurred under acidic conditions and in the presence of Dursban, 24D-DMA, permethrin, bifenthrin, Carbaryl, TCP, PCP, trichlorethylene, benzene, and high doses of Cu, oil, and hexazinone. This seemed to indicate that the subject ecosystems were seriously contaminated by these chemical stressors. For low doses of Cu, oil, atrazine, HCBP, and hexazinone, exergy and structural exergy were either unchanged or only slightly changed, suggesting that the lake ecosystems were not significantly impacted by these chemical stressors. Discussion of the relationships between ecosystem-level changes and structural and functional changes in stressed lake ecosystems indicates that the above-mentioned ecosystem-level changes were in accordance with the changes in structure and function. The observed changes in exergy and structural exergy were also consistent with Odum's predictions of shortened food chains, reduced resource use efficiency, poor stability, low information, and high entropy in stressed aquatic ecosystems. The findings lead the authors to conclude that it is feasible for exergy and structural exergy to serve as ecological indicators when characterizing the system-level responses of experimental lake ecosystems to chemical stress. These results for experimental lake ecosystems would be extrapolated to actual lakes.     

Titanium dioxide as photocatalyst on porous nickel: adsorption and the photocatalytic degradation of sulfosalicylic acid

The commonly used photocatalyst, TiO2 (anatase), has been immobilized on porous nickel using 3 wt.% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the binder. The results show that sulfosalicylic acid (SSal) can be degraded on the developed catalytic system. The adsorption characteristics on TiO2-Ni system have been investigated. The observance of photocalytic degradation of SSal under pH values and initial concentrations can be explained by the adsorption behavior of SSal. The parameters of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood expression have been determined by different experimental ways and the results are satisfactory.     

Fractionation of heavy metals in surface sediments of Taihu Lake, East China

The BCR (European Communities Bureau of Reference) three-step sequential extraction procedure was applied to fractionate heavy metals in the sediment of Taihu Lake. For the determination of total metal concentration of the sediments, sample digestion was achieved by using HF/H2O2/HNO3 (2/1/1) acid mixture in a microwave-irradiated closed vessel system. The concentrations of Cd, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb in various extracts solutions were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results obtained from the BCR three-step sequential extraction indicated relatively high mobility of Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni in the sediments while Cd and Cr were poorly mobile. Enrichment of heavy metals was found in the sediments collected in the northern parts of Taihu Lake. In the sediments collected in the southern and western sides of the Lake, heavy metal concentrations were relatively low. The relationship between total organic carbon (TOC) and heavy metals concentrations in the sediments is discussed.     

Degradation of benzo[a]pyrene in soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal alfalfa

Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was grown in pots containing soil artificially contaminated with various levels of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) (0, 1, 10 and 100 mg kg(-1)). Soil and plants were sampled after 30, 40, 50, 60 and 90 days and compared with unlanted pots. The percentage of mycorrhizal root length colonized by Glomus caledoniun was not significantly affected by the addition of B[a]P up to 10 mg kg(-1) but was significantly lower at 100 mg kg(-1)B[a]P compared with low concentrations (p < 0.05). There was no difference in soil polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase activity among the controls and applications of 1 and 10 mg kg(-1) of B[a]P. However, enzyme activities were significantly higher at 100 mg kg(-1) B[a]P compared with the other three treatments, and there was no mycorrhizal effect. Over a period of 90 days the concentration of B[a]P in soil in which alfalfa was grown was significantly lower than in unplanted soil (p < 0.05). Degradation rates of B[a]P added at 1, 10 and 100 mg kg(-1) without G. caledonium were 76, 78 and 53%, and with mycorrhizal inoculation were 86, 87 and 57%. The degradation rate in unplanted soil was significantly lower than in planted soil, and was significantly higher in medium- and low-B[a]P treatments than in the high B[a]P concentration tested. There is a possibility of enhancement phytoremediation of PAHs in rhizosphere soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.     

Degradation of Benzo[a]Pyrene in Soil with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Alfalfa

Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was grown in pots containing soil artificially contaminated with various levels of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)(0, 1, 10 and 100 mg kg^–1). Soil and plants were sampled after 30, 40, 50, 60 and 90 days and compared with unlanted pots. The percentage of mycorrhizal root length colonized by Glomus caledoniun was not significantly affected by the addition of B[a]P up to 10 mg kg^–1 but was significantly lower at 100 mg kg^–1B[a]P compared with low concentrations (p < 0.05). There was no difference in soil polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase activity among the controls and applications of 1 and 10 mg kg^–1 of B[a]P. However, enzyme activities were significantly higher at 100 mg kg^–1B[a]P compared with the other three treatments, and there was no mycorrhizal effect. Over a period of 90 days the concentration of B[a]P in soil in which alfalfa was grown was significantly lower than in unplanted soil (p < 0.05). Degradation rates of B[a]P added at 1, 10 and 100 mg kg^–1 without G. caledonium were 76, 78 and 53%, and with mycorrhizal inoculation were 86, 87 and 57%. The degradation rate in unplanted soil was significantly lower than in planted soil, and was significantly higher in medium- and low-B[a]P treatments than in the high B[a]P concentration tested. There is a possibility of enhancement phytoremediation of PAHs in rhizosphere soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.     

分光光度法同时测定水中邻苯二甲酸和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

本文用双波长等吸收紫外分光光度法，同时测定水中邻苯二甲酸（ＰＡ）和邻苯二甲酸二酯（ＤＭＰ）的含量，实验表明，ＤＭＰ和ＰＡ在１ｍｇ／ｌ到５０ｍｇ／ｌ的浓度范围内，对于波长为２１６，２３７．６，２６６，２９２ｎｍ的吸收均满足比尔吸收定律，迭加性令人满足，分析方法的回收率在ＤＭＰ与ＰＡ含量比例相差较小时，其值接近１００％。在相差超过９倍时，通过合理的校正，回收率也能达到９０％－１１０％，回收率受Ｎａ＾＋     

浅谈浮雕装饰件成型落料复合工艺

论述聚氨脂橡胶及锌合金用于浮雕件成型落料工艺特点,模具设计和制造特点.     

ADMS仿真模拟在总量控制中的应用

ADMs是新一代的大气扩散模型，用来评估空气污染扩散的问题。抚顺市2004年采取了大气污染治理措施并使用ADMs模型予以评估。仿真模拟的结果表明各项措施的效果并不和治理时的投资成比例，也不和污染物的削减总量成比例．说明治理过程中的科学性和经济性不够理想，也表明总量控制方针在实施中有许多实际问题需要解决。     

新单塔污水汽提装置运行综述

介绍新增单塔污水汽提装置的必要性，对装置的工艺流程进行了说明，并在此基础上对该装置运行的工艺指标和产品质量控制指标对比分析，提出了存在的问题。