贝壳粉型煤固硫剂固硫的实验及机理研究

以贝壳粉作为型煤固硫剂,用正交实验的方法研究了影响贝壳粉固硫率的主要影响因素,在高温(1 150℃)时固硫效率达到56.6%,比CaCO3的固硫率提高40%以上,具有较好的高温固硫性。分析得知,贝壳的主要成分为CaCO3,其含钙量在40%左右,贝壳中又含有较高的Na等碱金属元素以及Fe,Al和Si等。用X射线粉末衍射法分析了高温(1 150℃)型煤样生成的灰渣,分析了贝壳粉作为型煤固硫剂在高温下具有较高固硫率的机理。发现CaAlSi2O8为主的复合晶体在高温下包裹在CaSO4的表面,抑制了CaSO4的热分解从而有效地提高了固硫率。     

基于能值分析的农村污水处理工艺可持续性评价

随着我国城镇化和农村污水治理工作的不断推进,开展农村污水治理可持续性发展研究具有重要的现实意义。从工艺、地域等角度入手选取5个典型案例,分析农村污水处理工艺的可持续性。采用能值分析法探讨同种工艺在不同地区及不同工艺在同一地区的可持续性特点,并结合污水处理系统独特的复杂性对传统能值分析法进行改进,以更好地考察各系统对生态环境的影响及其可持续性。结果表明,对比分析分处常州、北京、广州的1#、2#和3#人工湿地系统,常州的1#系统的可持续性最强,北京的2#系统的可持续性最弱;对比地域相同的4#MBR、5#SBR、1#人工湿地系统发现,3个系统的可持续性依次增强。     

制糖滤泥用于燃煤烟气的脱硫

介绍了以碳酸法制糖产生的固体废弃物--制糖滤泥作为脱硫剂进行湿法烟气脱硫的工程应用实例,分析比较了该工艺的运行状况、优势及成本。工程投产后,运行稳定,二氧化硫排放浓度可达到(85±10)mg/m3,远低于《山东省火电厂大气污染物排放标准》(DB37/664-2013)中的排放标准限值,与传统的石灰石/石灰湿法脱硫相比,燃煤烟气的脱硫运行费用降低了24.4%;同时,利用制糖滤泥作为脱硫剂进行烟气脱硫,彻底解决了制糖滤泥的处理难题,实现了废物资源化,提高了碳法制糖企业和燃煤企业的经济效益。     

Nano-selenium controlled cadmium accumulation and improved photosynthesis in indica rice cultivated in lead and cadmium combined paddy soils

Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) are less toxic and more biocompatible than selenite or selenate. However, studies involving spraying with Se NPs for reducing accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in rice grains have been rarely reported as yet. Herein, indica rice seedlings cultivated in Cd+Pb-spiked paddy soils (denoted as positive control) were sprayed with Se NPs sols for four times from tillering to booting stage. Compared to positive control, 50–100 μmol/L Se NPs downregulated Cd transporters-related genes such as OsLCT1, OsHMA2 and OsCCX2 in leaves and OsLCT1, OsPCR1 and OsCCX2 genes in node I at filling stage. Meanwhile, Se-binding protein 1 was distinctly elevated, involving the repression of Cd and Pb transportation to rice grains. Se NPs also differentially improved RuBP carboxylase and chlorophylls especially some key genes and proteins involving photosynthetic system. Besides, 25–50 μmol/L Se NPs diminished reactive oxygen species overproduction from NADPH oxidases whereas boosted glutathione peroxidase, reducing protein carbonylation in rice seedlings. However, the antioxidant isozymes and oxidatively modified proteins were slightly rebounded at 100 μmol/L. Se contents were noticeably elevated and confirmed to exist as selenomethionine in the rice grains following all the treatments by Se NPs. Thus, the optimal dosage of Se NPs for foliar application is 50 μmol/L, which significantly decreased Cd accumulation, improved photosynthesis and Se enrichment whereas caused no distinct reduction of Pb in the grains. Thus, an appropriate dosage of Se NPs can be conducted to decrease Cd accumulation, improve photosynthesis, and organic Se contents in rice grains.     

Utilization of coal gangue for the production of brick

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Coal gangue, an industrial solid waste discarded from coal mining and processing, was used as the sole raw material to prepare brick. The coal...     

芳香族醛酮化合物溶解度和分配系数的测定与估算

本文测定了１５种芳香族醛酮化合物的溶解度和正辛醇－水分配系数,研究了水溶解度及分配系数与分子连接性能指数的相关性。结果表明,溶解度和分配系数之间以及与分子连接性指数呈较好的线性关系。     

改进模糊综合评价法在水质评价中的应用

在对水质综合评价的诸多方法中,模糊综合评价法以其评价结果合理、更接近客观实际等优点,得到越来越广泛的应用。由于某些指标其单项标准限值数少于水质总体分级,采用传统模糊评价方法计算得到的隶属度与实际情况并不相符。针对此类情况,对隶属函数加以改进,提出改进后的模糊评价方法,并将此方法应用于长江下游贵池河段2005年-2009年间水环境综合评价,与传统方法计算结果相比较,取得了较好的效果。     

Zn / Al 双金属氧化物对水中硫酸根离子的吸附性能简

研究了用Zn/Al水滑石制得的Zn/Al双金属氧化物（Zn/Al-300）吸附剂对水中硫酸根离子的吸附,考查了吸附剂投加量、初始pH等因素对硫酸根离子吸附的影响。结果表明,Zn/Al-300对水中硫酸根离子的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,理论最大吸附量为62.5 mg/g。运用动力学方程进行拟合,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程;溶液的pH影响吸附剂对硫酸根的吸附,在pH=5.5时硫酸根的去除率最大;X射线衍射结果显示,水滑石经过焙烧后丧失了原有的构形,并在吸附硫酸根离子后重新恢复水滑石的部分层状结构。吸附机制主要为Zn/Al-300从溶液中获取阴离子以重建水滑石的晶体结构,即“记忆效应”。对吸附后的双金属氧化循环应用4此后,吸附容量几乎不变,说明双金属氧化物具有可循环型。通过将Zn/Al-300与其他几种吸附剂的经济性分析,表明此吸附剂在使用过程中具有一定优势。     

煤矸石的综合利用现状

煤矸石是我国排放量最大的工业废渣之一 ,不仅占用大量农田和土地 ,而且严重污染环境。为了加强对煤矸石利用以使其资源化 ,对我国的煤矸石资源状况、我国煤矸石的综合利用技术研究的现状进行了综述 ,并对煤矸石资源化提出了一些设想。     

Construction of Circular Economy Industrial System

It is difficult to realize the transformation from traditional economy industrial system to circular economy industrial system. Regarding primary raw materials as the indicators, the industrial system has been specified according to the divergence among the indicators and the circular utilization modes. In comparison with the association among industrial systems, the relationship among industrial sub-systems is named as industrial cross-linking in this paper. The industrial system which could completely utiLize and recycle the indicators shouM be increased and strengthened, and the circular economy industrial system with complete industrial association and industrial cross-linking should also be constructed. Taking the development of circular agricultural system basing on the traditional agricultural system as an example, the traditional agricultural products are regarded as the indicators which have been divided into foodstuff and crop straws which are used to produce food and articles for use, Like fertilizer, energy and papers etc. The way to construct the circular agricultural industrial system is to increase the industrial systems that could utilize the products generated from crop straws, feces and other castoffs and transform the wastewater and other trucks into environmental friendly products. It has also been pointed out that the construction of circular economy industrial system is conducive to the foundation of circular industrial economics and the establishment of the construction layout of circular economy and the application schemes. Suggestions to the theoretical and practical work of the next step have also been brought forward in this paper.