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21.
Assessment and Selection of Geomorphosites and Trails in the Miage Glacier Area (Western Italian Alps) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Glacial environments are considered geomorphosites because they exhibit all of the features that characterise sites of geomorphological interest. The Miage Glacier, in particular, is the most important debris-covered glacier of the Italian Alps, and it has been extensively studied since the 18th century because of its scientific features. In this area, the geomorphological and geological attributes are evaluated at 11 sites that have been individuated along the three main touristic trails, which allow an exploration of the surroundings of the glacial tongue and its two main lobes. Using a methodology previously tested in a fluvial environment, single sites and trails are quantitatively assessed to determine the most suitable trail for educational purposes. Hazards that could potentially affect the trails are considered in terms of both risk education and final selection of the most suitable trails for the various possible user groups. The richness of scientific data in this area should increase its importance as a geomorphosite by increasing the educational value of the Miage Glacier and the Veny Valley. 相似文献
22.
While the concept of sustainable development brings together concepts of economic, environmental and social sustainability, much has been said regarding inherent tensions between them. Conflicts between economic and environmental objectives, in particular, have been noted as restraining efforts to instigate transitions to environmental sustainability, with growth ambitions limiting environmental policy to “win–win” cases. This paper argues that they can also play complementary roles in managing transitions by creating inclusive visions for rallying actors and resources. This is explored by looking at a case of sustainable regeneration in Wales, UK. Using as a case study the Arbed scheme, an area-based project established in 2009 to retrofit housing stock for energy efficiency, this paper shows how the scheme explicitly addresses economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainability; and, in particular, how sustainable development aims constituted a guiding vision that supported the formation of actor and resource networks necessary for large-scale retrofitting. 相似文献
23.
Immediate behavioural responses to earthquakes in Christchurch,New Zealand,and Hitachi,Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Michael K. Lindell Carla S. Prater Hao Che Wu Shih‐Kai Huang David M. Johnston Julia S. Becker Hideyuki Shiroshita 《Disasters》2016,40(1):85-111
This study examines people's immediate responses to earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, and Hitachi, Japan. Data collected from 257 respondents in Christchurch and 332 respondents in Hitachi revealed notable similarities between the two cities in people's emotional reactions, risk perceptions, and immediate protective actions during the events. Respondents' physical, household, and social contexts were quite similar, but Hitachi residents reported somewhat higher levels of emotional reaction and risk perception than did Christchurch residents. Contrary to the recommendations of emergency officials, the most frequent response of residents in both cities was to freeze. Christchurch residents were more likely than Hitachi residents to drop to the ground and take cover, whereas Hitachi residents were more likely than Christchurch residents to evacuate immediately the building in which they were situated. There were relatively small correlations between immediate behavioural responses and demographic characteristics, earthquake experience, and physical, social, or household context. 相似文献
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Araújo CV Cohin-de-Pinho SJ da S Santos J Delgado F Santana LC Chastinet CB da Silva EM 《Chemosphere》2006,65(4):599-603
The suitability and viability of acute in situ bioassays were investigated in the biomonitoring program of an acidic lake contaminated with sulphur residues. Responses of organisms observed in laboratory and in situ bioassays were also assessed to determine whether or not they were similar and comparable, regarding accuracy and precision. Newborn Poecilia reticulata were employed as test organisms and exposed to the same water samples under in situ and laboratory conditions. Mortality/immobility was the endpoint assessed and dead/immobile organisms were counted at various time intervals during exposure. The mean calculated LT50 values and 95% confidence intervals were 1.61 (1.36-1.87) h in the laboratory bioassays and 0.72 (0.55-0.89) h in the in situ bioassays. Statistical comparison of these values revealed a significant difference (p<0.05). In situ bioassays were more accurate than those carried out in the laboratory, demonstrating higher sensitivity and better reproduction of what occurs in nature, while laboratory bioassays were more precise. 相似文献
26.
Polati S Gosetti F Gianotti V Gennaro MC 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2006,41(6):765-779
The bioavailability of pollutants, pesticides and/or their degradation products in soil depends on the strength of their sorption by the different soil components, particularly by the clay minerals. This study reports the sorption-desorption behavior of the environmentally hazardous industrial pollutants and certain pesticides degradation products, 3-chloroaniline, 3,4-dichloroaniline, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on the reference clays kaolinite KGa-1 and Na-montmorillonite SWy-l. In batch studies, 2.0 g of clay were equilibrated with 100.0 mL solutions of each chemical at concentrations ranging from 10.0 to 200.0 mg/L. The uptake of the compounds was deduced from the results of HPLC-UV-Vis analysis. The lipophilic species were best retained by both clay materials. The most lipophilic chemical used in the study, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, was also the most strongly retained, with sorption of up to 8 mg/g. In desorption experiments, which also relied on HPLC-UV-Vis technique, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline was the least desorbed from montmorillonite. However, on kaolinite all of the compounds under study were irreversibly retained. The experimental data have been modelled according to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. A hypothesis is proposed concerning the sorption mechanism and potential applications of the findings in remediation strategies have been suggested. 相似文献
27.
全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)是全氟和聚氟烷基物质(PFASs)人造类别中的一员,是全世界在水体、人类、哺乳动物和鱼类中最常检测到的PFAS之一。斑马鱼(Danio rerio)是一种小型淡水鱼类,被认为是研究化合物毒性的合适的脊椎动物模型。先前的研究表明,雄性和雌性斑马鱼中脂肪酸结合蛋白(fabps)的组织特异性生物蓄积和表达的改变可能是由于PFAS和脂肪酸转运体之间的相互作用。此外,有报道显示人类和动物暴露于PFAS后导致神经系统的影响。因此,本研究旨在探讨PFOS暴露是否影响斑马鱼肝脏、肠道、心脏和卵巢脂肪酸代谢相关基因(fabp1a、fabp2和fabp10a),以及大脑和肌肉中涉及神经系统的基因(ChAT、ngf、bdnf、AChE和hdac6)的表达。结果表明,与脂肪酸代谢和神经功能相关的基因表达随暴露浓度和性别的变化而变化。此外,我们的发现强调了这些基因的表达随暴露时间的不同而不同。我们的研究结果将PFOS作用的知识基础扩展到其他组织,而不是仅限于研究较为透彻的肝脏。这项调查结果为今后研究PFOS作为环境中最丰富的PFAS之一的潜在风险提供了依据。 相似文献
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Effects of pond salinization on survival rate of amphibian hosts infected with the chytrid fungus
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Michelle Pirrie Stockwell Lachlan James Storrie Carla Jean Pollard John Clulow Michael Joseph Mahony 《Conservation biology》2015,29(2):391-399
The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has been implicated in the decline and extinction of amphibian populations worldwide, but management options are limited. Recent studies show that sodium chloride (NaCl) has fungicidal properties that reduce the mortality rates of infected hosts in captivity. We investigated whether similar results can be obtained by adding salt to water bodies in the field. We increased the salinity of 8 water bodies to 2 or 4 ppt and left an additional 4 water bodies with close to 0 ppt and monitored salinity for 18 months. Captively bred tadpoles of green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) were released into each water body and their development, levels of B. dendrobatidis infection, and survival were monitored at 1, 4, and 12 months. The effect of salt on the abundance of nontarget organisms was also investigated in before and after style analyses. Salinities remained constant over time with little intervention. Hosts in water bodies with 4 ppt salt had a significantly lower prevalence of chytrid infection and higher survival, following metamorphosis, than hosts in 0 ppt salt. Tadpoles in the 4 ppt group were smaller in length after 1 month in the release site than those in the 0 and 2 ppt groups, but after metamorphosis body size in all water bodies was similar . In water bodies with 4 ppt salt, the abundance of dwarf tree frogs (Litoria fallax), dragonfly larvae, and damselfly larvae was lower than in water bodies with 0 and 2 ppt salt, which could have knock‐on effects for community structure. Based on our results, salt may be an effective field‐based B. dendrobatidis mitigation tool for lentic amphibians that could contribute to the conservation of numerous susceptible species. However, as in all conservation efforts, these benefits need to be weighed against negative effects on both target and nontarget organisms. 相似文献
30.
Summary Foraging by a social wren, Campylorhynchus nuchalis (Troglodytidae), in a tropical savanna habitat is not enhanced by aggregation. Data for marked individuals show that solitary foraging results in a higher capture rate than foraging near others. We find no evidence of imitative foraging, as individuals actively avoid successful foragers following a capture and successful foragers do not restrict their search to recently productive stations or techniques. Captures are seldom temporally clumped, and clumping is probably not pronounced enough to favor imitation. Juveniles show no greater tendency to respond to captures of others, or to succeed in foraging in a group, than do adults. Aggregation is probably disadvantageous for foraging because of dispersed, scarce, cryptic, and noneruptive prey and because of the searching technique of these foliage-gleaning insectivores. If predator avoidance is enhanced by aggregation, it does not result in either increased survival or increased foraging efficiency in large groups, even by juveniles. 相似文献