全文获取类型
收费全文 | 582篇 |
免费 | 18篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 28篇 |
废物处理 | 28篇 |
环保管理 | 125篇 |
综合类 | 42篇 |
基础理论 | 147篇 |
污染及防治 | 158篇 |
评价与监测 | 32篇 |
社会与环境 | 18篇 |
灾害及防治 | 28篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 22篇 |
2015年 | 19篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 48篇 |
2012年 | 22篇 |
2011年 | 33篇 |
2010年 | 26篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 21篇 |
2007年 | 28篇 |
2006年 | 26篇 |
2005年 | 18篇 |
2004年 | 16篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 31篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有606条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
301.
Jerry M. Davis John J. Hidore 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(2):336-339
ABSTRACT: In North America the four successive winters from 1974-1975 through 1977–1978 were very different from each other in terms of atmospheric circulation and resulting surface weather conditions. The first year of the sequence there was a near normal circulation pattern. The following years were characterized by the gradual amplification of an upper atmosphere ridge over the West Coast coupled with an eastward displacement of a long-wave trough east of the Rocky Mountains. These changes in circulation brought below normal temperatures to the Midwest, below normal precipition and increasing snowfall which reached record levels in February 1978. These atmospheric changes brought about changes in the flow of the Kankakee River-Total runoff in the winter half-year dropped as precipitation and temperatures dropped; there was a marked retarding of winter runoff and the yield of the watershed increased. 相似文献
302.
Michael B. Sonnen Larry C. Davis 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(2):404-419
ABSTRACT: Two analytical methods are presented and demonstrated for evaluating the monetary and nonmonetary benefits of wild rivers. In the traditional benefit-cost context special techniques are required to show that any wild river is worthy of preservation. The methods presented allow for the possibility of low development levels in river basins to be optimal, although advanced development can also be shown to be most efficient in some circumstances. That is, the methods are not directed to the wild condition only but to the entire spectrum of development possibilities. The applications of the methods to two adjacent subbasins in the State of Washington each showed that the currently undeveloped basin should be left in its wild condition, while the partially developed basin next door should be developed even more fully. 相似文献
303.
Growth variation of white oak subjected to historic levels of fluctuating air pollution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Growth of white oak (Quercus alba L.) trees was examined, using tree-ring analysis, at three sites near a small, remote coal-fired power plant in central Pennsylvania, USA. Forests immediately adjacent to the power plant have been subjected to power plant emissions since the power plant initiated operation in 1954. However, localized, ground-level fumigations have been gradually reduced over the years due to a series of construction projects resulting in increased stack heights. Comparisons of growth were made among the white oaks growing at the three close-in sites, as well to the growth of white oak at three control sites located 10-50 km from the power plant, during periods of differing stack heights. White oak exhibited reduced growth at two of the close-in sites during the time period when historical ground-level air pollution exposures were assumed to be greatest due to low stack heights. White oak growth at the third close-in site was not substantially reduced during this time period. In 1976, taller stacks were implemented at the power plant to reduce local, ground-level concentrations of air pollutants. The recovery of tree growth at the two close-in affected sites, and increased synchronous growth responses from 1976-85 among all three close-in sites, indicates that implementation of taller stacks in 1976 reduced ground-level pollutant levels to such dosages that growth was not impaired at any site. Also, growth rates after 1976 were comparable to the growth rates of the white oaks growing on the control sites. A possible interacting factor was a severe drought that occurred in the mid-1960s in central Pennsylvania. 相似文献
304.
305.
Steve H. Hanke Robert K. Davis 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1974,10(1):54-65
ABSTRACT In this paper, we discuss how user fees and congestion tolls can be used to improve the efficiency and equity with which the inland waterway system is managed. The advantages and disadvantages of various types of user fees (fuel taxes, segment tolls, and license fees) are presented. The rationale for the employment of congestion tolls on congested waterways is discussed. A segment toll that is equated to average variable cost is recommended for uncongested existing waterwyas. When existing waterways are congested, congestion tolls, in addition to the segment tolls, are recommended, A two-part tariff, consisting of segment tolls and an annual license fee, is recommended for “new” uncongested waterways. A three-part tariff, consisting of the first two parts plus congestion tolls, is recommended for “new” congested waterways. 相似文献
306.
R. K. Guthrie E. M. Davis D. S. Cherry J. R. Walton 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1982,18(1):135-138
ABSTRACT: Since 1972 the use of coal in the U.S. has increased much more rapidly than predicted, with much of this increased use by electric power generating plants. Residue after combustion consists primarily of inorganic materials, with the majority of chemical elements concentrated in fly ash as is sulfate. The concentration of sulfate in this ash fraction most affects the chemical and physical state of other elements when fly ash comes in contact with water by lowering the pH. In a properly constructed and operated ash settling basin, however, major water quality parameters of effluent may be improved as compared to source water. It is necessary, however, to consider the solubility or deposition in sediment of potentially toxic chemical elements from fly ash as these may affect reuse of this water, or as they may impact other parts of the aquatic environment. 相似文献
307.
Development and evaluation of a Macroinvertebrate Biotic Integrity Index (MBII) for regionally assessing Mid-Atlantic Highlands Streams 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Klemm DJ Blocksom KA Fulk FA Herlihy AT Hughes RM Kaufmann PR Peck DV Stoddard JL Thoeny WT Griffith MB Davis WS 《Environmental management》2003,31(5):0656-0669
The Macroinvertebrate Biotic Integrity Index (MBII) was developed from data collected at 574 wadeable stream reaches in the
Mid-Atlantic Highlands region (MAHR) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP). Over 100 candidate metrics were evaluated for range, precision, responsiveness to various disturbances, relationship
to catchment area, and redundancy. Seven metrics were selected, representing taxa richness (Ephemeroptera richness, Plecoptera
richness, Trichoptera richness), assemblage composition (percent non-insect individuals, percent 5 dominant taxa), pollution
tolerance [Macroinvertebrate Tolerance Index (MTI)], and one functional feeding group (collector-filterer richness). We scored
metrics and summed them, then ranked the resulting index through use of independently evaluated reference stream reaches.
Although sites were classified into lowland and upland ecoregional groups, we did not need to develop separate scoring criteria
for each ecoregional group. We were able to use the same metrics for pool and riffle composite samples, but we had to score
them differently. Using the EMAP probability design, we inferred the results, with known confidence bounds, to the 167,797
kilometers of wadeable streams in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands. We classified 17% of the target stream length in the MAHR as
good, 57% as fair, and 26% as poor. Pool-dominated reaches were relatively rare in the MAHR, and the usefulness of the MBII
was more difficult to assess in these reaches. The process used for developing the MBII is widely applicable and resulted
in an index effective in evaluating region-wide conditions and distinguishing good and impaired reaches among both upland
and lowland streams dominated by riffle habitat. 相似文献
308.
Evaluating the characteristics of a set of sites as potential scientific research reserves is an example of land suitability
assessment. Suitability in this case is based upon multiple criteria, many of which can be linguistically imprecise and often
incompatible. Fuzzy logic is a useful method for characterizing imprecise suitability criteria and for combining criteria
into an overall suitability rating. The Ecosystem Management Decision Support software combined a fuzzy logic knowledge base
we developed to represent the assessment problem with a GIS database providing site-specific data for the assessment. Assessment
of sites as a potential natural reserve for the new University of California campus at Merced demonstrates the benefits of
fuzzy suitability assessment. The study was conducted in three stages of successively smaller assessment regions with increasingly
fine spatial resolution and specificity of criteria. Several sites were identified that best satisfy the suitability criteria
for a reserve to represent vernal pool habitat. 相似文献
309.
A number of hydrophobic organochlorines, such as hexachlorobenzene and polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), have been reported to be persistent and bioaccumulative; however, their availability to biota appear to be limited due to strong sorption to soil/sediment and sequestration with age. Studies to date have shown that the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) in sediments is highly variable, depending not only on a chemical's lipophicity (Kow), but also molecular steric conformation and sediment characteristics. A subdomain of sediment organic carbon, so‐called black carbon (BC), which has much higher affinity to planar HOCs than amorphous organic carbon, has been found to be the predominant repository of many HOCs. The sediment/soil‐bound HOCs are composed of a rapid and reversible desorbing labile fraction and a slow‐desorbing, or resistant‐to‐desorbing, nonlabile fraction. The latter can account for up to 98 percent of the total. A number of chemical extraction methods have been under development to measure the actual bioavailable concentrations in soil/sediment and have shown some correlation to the results of bioaccumulation and/or biodegradation tests. To date, most of the published studies on this subject have focused on polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This review summarizes the governing processes and the testing methodologies relevant to the environmental bioavailability of hydrophobic organochlorines in soils and sediments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
310.