流域跨界水污染纠纷对策研究

本文介绍了国内外广泛存在的严重流域跨界水污染纠纷问题，结合我国流域的实际情况，提出了污染物人工调控和污染物间接不影响等几个基本假定，构建了流域跨界水污染纠纷顺序决策模型，并用此模型解释了我国严重的流域跨界水污染纠纷问题；针对目前的状况，提出了改进污染物削减指令配额管理体制，建立合作协调管理体制的对策；通过对淮河流域跨界水污染纠纷的实证分析时比了两种管理体制的优劣，最后分析了影响合作协调管理体制的诸多因素。     

潮白河顺义段断流的生态损失评估

潮白河是北京市最重要的自然湿地之一。由于人类不合理的开发利用,河流生态系统严重退化,其中顺义段河道从1999年断流至今。在实地调研的基础上,建立了一套河道断流对区域社会-经济-自然复合生态系统发展造成的综合损失的定量评估方法体系,从社会-经济系统的年度产值损失、用于治理断流河道的年度恢复费用、断流河道非使用价值的年度损失三个方面,评价潮白河顺义段断流对研究区域造成的生态损失。研究结果表明,潮白河顺义段断流对研究区域复合生态系统造成的年度生态损失达8786．5万元,1995—2005年的十年间生态损失总值达87865万元。     

Emissions of C2 – C12 hydrocarbons in the Hsuehshan tunnel, Taiwan

The concentrations of 56 hydrocarbons from C2 to C12 were measured simultaneously in the southbound bore, the northbound bore and the exhaust air shafts of the Hsuehshan tunnel near Yilan, Taiwan for 12 days during 2007 and 2008. A total of 60 integrated air samples were collected using stainless steel canisters and analyzed using GC/FID and GC/MS. The five most abundant species in all samples were ethylene, acetylene, isopentane, propylene and toluene. The exit/entrance ratios of total non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) concentration were 7.8 and 4.8 for the southbound and northbound bores, respectively. Furthermore, the exhaust from the vertical shafts affects air quality in the neighborhood. The most abundant species of emission rate (ER) was toluene (21.93–42.89 mg/sec), followed by isopentane, ethylene, propylene and 1-butene, with ER ranging from 2.50 to 9.31 mg/sec. The species in the three exhaust air shafts showed that the reactivities of these emissions are similar to those of vehicle emissions. Notably, the control of emissions in the vertical shafts of the vehicle tunnel will be important in the future.     

Applying model simulation and photochemical indicators to evaluate ozone sensitivity in southern Taiwan

Ozone sensitivity was investigated using CAMx simulations and photochemical indicator ratios at three sites (Pingtung City, Chao- Chou Town, and Kenting Town) in Pingtung County in southern Taiwan during 2003 and 2004. The CAMx simulations compared fairly well with the hourly concentrations of ozone. Simulation results also showed that Pingtung City was mainly a volatile organic compounds (VOC)-sensitive regime, while Chao-Chou Town was either a VOC-sensitive or a NOx-sensitive regime, depending on the seasons. Measurements of three photochemical indicators (H2O2, HNO3, and NOy) were conducted, and simulated three transition ranges of H2O2/HNO3 (0.5–0.8), O3/HNO3 (10.3–16.2) and O3/NOy (5.7–10.8) were adopted to assess the ozone sensitive regime at the three sites. The results indicated that the three transition ranges yield consistent results with CAMx simulations at most times at Pingtung City. However, both VOC-sensitive and NOx-sensitive regimes were important at the rural site Chao-Chou Town. Kenting Town, a touring site at the southern end of Taiwan, was predominated by a NOx-sensitive regime in four seasons.     

人工快渗技术在我国农村地区水污染治理中的应用研究

概述了我国农村地区水污染现状、排放特征、主要处理工艺及其优缺点,在对人工快渗系统工艺原理和污染物去除机理深入分析的基础上,总结归纳了人工快渗工艺的技术经济优势,并结合技术的工艺改进和完善,探讨了人工快渗技术的适用性。然后结合深圳市白花洞村、四川省绵阳市北川县及北京昌平区农村工程实践,分析了人工快渗技术在村级分散型污水处理工程中的实际运行效果。理论研究和工程实践均表明:人工快渗技术及其改进工艺组合系统具有工艺简单、建设运行成本低、污染物去除效率高、出水效果好等特点,可有效地解决目前农村地区因受到资金、技术、人才等因素限制造成的污水处理能力低的问题,是一项十分适合我国农村地区的污水处理技术。     

Identification and expression of the COI1 gene family in Camellia sinensis and its expression in oolong tea processing北大核心CSCD

茉莉酸受体蛋白COI1(coronatine insensitive 1)是茉莉酸信号转导途径的重要组成部分,为鉴定分析茶树茉莉酸受体COI1基因家族,预测其潜在的分子功能,了解茉莉酸受体COI1基因在乌龙茶加工中应答胁迫的分子机制,利用生物信息学方法对茶树茉莉酸受体COI1进行家族成员鉴定,氨基酸序列、结构域、基因结构、进化分析以及启动子顺式元件分析,结合实时荧光定量分析CsCOI1基因在乌龙茶加工中的表达.结果显示,茶树茉莉酸受体CsCOI1家族有两个成员,均含有F-box和富亮氨酸重复序列(LRRs)两个结构域;单子叶、双子叶的COI1蛋白各聚一支,且与蜜柑进化关系较近;茶树COI1基因家族两个成员均含有3个内含子,启动子顺势元件主要有胁迫响应元件、激素响应元件以及光响应元件;转录组数据说明茶树CsCOI1基因具有较强的组织表达差异性.实时荧光定量分析表明,CsCOI1a基因在室内萎凋后表达显著上调,且15 min、30 min日光萎凋后CsCOI1b基因的表达水平显著上调,同时茉莉酸含量发生显著变化.本研究推测CsCOI1基因可能通过茉莉酸信号转导途径参与乌龙茶加工中萎凋的胁迫响应过程,该结果可为乌龙茶加工品质调控奠定基础.(图8表2参30)     

Effects of Environmental Aging on the Durability of Wood-Flour Filled Recycled PET/PA6 Wood Plastic Composites

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Outdoor building materials made of wood require preservatives containing chromated copper arsenate and other carcinogenic substances but still are subject...     

呋虫胺对斑马鱼胚胎-幼鱼生长发育及细胞凋亡的影响

第三代新烟碱类农药呋虫胺作为超高效、广谱性杀虫剂在水稻、蔬菜和水果上广泛应用,因其水溶性高,对水生生物的毒性不容忽视。本研究以斑马鱼胚胎为对象,参考OECD标准,在胚胎受精后30 min内,采用静态法染毒,观察其24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的生长发育情况,根据死亡数计算呋虫胺对斑马鱼96 h-LC_(50),采用吖啶橙染色(acridine orange fluorescent,AO-F)和原位末端标记法(TUNEL)2种方法,检测其对斑马鱼96 hpf(hour post-fertilization,hpf)幼鱼的细胞凋亡情况。结果表明:呋虫胺对斑马鱼胚胎的96 h-LC_(50)为10.36 g·L~(-1)(95%置信区间为7.76~12.93 g·L~(-1)),属于微毒;较高浓度的呋虫胺能使斑马鱼的摆尾数、内心率、孵化率降低,对生长发育有延迟的作用,可导致部分斑马鱼色素褪去,出现心包囊肿、卵黄囊肿和尾部畸形的现象。且随着浓度的升高,在斑马鱼头部、腹部、尾部均有明显的细胞凋亡情况加重,其中以心脏和内耳尤为明显,呈规律的剂量-效应关系。     

铜和镉对珠江天然仔鱼和幼鱼的毒性效应及其潜在生态风险

以静水实验法探讨珠江流域主要金属污染物铜和镉对当地天然仔鱼和幼鱼的急性毒性效应。结果显示,铜对西江赤眼鳟和鲴仔鱼(48 h)和广东鲂幼鱼(96 h)的LC50分别为0.066、0.055和0.10 mg·L-1,对应的安全浓度分别为0.006、0.010和0.010 mg·L-1;镉对赤眼鳟和鲴仔鱼(48 h)以及广东鲂幼鱼(96 h)的LC50分别为1.29、0.83和3.20 mg·L-1,对应的安全浓度分别为0.163、0.077和0.320 mg·L-1。其中,铜对上述受试鱼的安全浓度低于或接近我国《渔业水质标准》及《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅱ类水对铜的规定,而镉对这些受试鱼的安全浓度则高于相关标准对镉的规定。研究结果表明,珠江流域铜污染可能会对当地天然仔鱼、幼鱼群体的补充构成一定程度的威胁,但镉污染暂不会对该区域主要鱼类早期群体补充带来严重的生态风险。     

Incorporating greenhouse gas effects to evaluate energy efficiency in China

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions without hampering economic growth is a significant issue for China. Taking into account environmental sustainability principles, this study analysed the energy efficiency of 30 regions of China for the period 2002–2007. By employing a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, this study included undesirable CO₂ and SO₂ outputs and the desirable GDP output in the model. Empirical outcomes demonstrated that the overall average technical efficiency (TE) of China is 0.843, indicating a 15.70% input inefficiency. Among three geographic areas, the east has the highest technical efficiency, with the highest ability to set up clean-burning power plants based on best technology available. Performance in the west is less good because of much inefficient technology. Finally, the study demonstrates detailed management implications of the BCG matrix. The most important contribution of this paper is a detailed demonstration of an energy performance evaluation mechanism for China. The valuable results and insights gained can be equally effectively applied to studies in other developing countries facing the same gaseous emissions.