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12.
Marchand G Cloutier Y Pépin C Drolet D 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2008,10(9):1060-1063
Various counting rules are used for spore trap analysis. Partial count can lead to concentration errors. This paper demonstrates that the number of traverses counted affects the final results. 相似文献
13.
Jean-Luc Volumenie Pascal de Lagausie Jean Guibourdenche Jean-François Oury Edith Vuillard Carole Saizou Dominique Luton 《黑龙江环境通报》2001,21(13):1171-1174
This study aimed to analyse the influence of amnio-infusion on superior mesenteric Doppler velocimetry and to correlate Doppler data with outcome in fetuses presenting with gastroschisis. Umbilical and intra- and extra-abdominal superior mesenteric artery Doppler velocimetry was measured prospectively before and after amnio-infusion in fetuses with gastroschisis. Doppler index values and changes were correlated with the following outcome parameters: importance of fibrous coating, duration of hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit, total duration of hospitalization, duration of parenteral feeding, duration of ventilatory assistance, and the interval to initiation of oral feeding. A significant improvement of diastolic flow was observed in the extra-abdominal superior mesenteric artery with amnio-infusion. No similar change was seen in the intra-abdominal superior mesenteric or in the umbilical artery. Pre-amnioinfusion extra-abdominal mesenteric Doppler index was correlated with maximal diameter of exteriorized bowel and slightly with duration of hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit, but no other relation between Doppler index and outcome parameter could be ascertained. Amnio-infusion induces modifications in the vascularization of exteriorized bowel in gastroschisis. This could partly explain the beneficial effect of this procedure on fetal gut. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
Xia Y Massé DI McAllister TA Beaulieu C Ungerfeld E 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(3):404-409
Biogas production from anaerobic digestion of chicken feathers with swine manure or slaughterhouse sludge was assessed in two separate experiments. Ground feathers without any pre-treatment were added to 42-L digesters inoculated with swine manure or slaughterhouse sludge, representing 37% and 23% of total solids, respectively and incubated at 25 °C in batch mode. Compared to the control without feather addition, total CH4 production increased by 130% (P < 0.001) and 110% (P = 0.09) in the swine manure and the slaughterhouse sludge digesters, respectively. Mixed liquor NH4N concentration increased (P < 0.001) from 4.8 and 3.1 g/L at the beginning of the digestion to 6.9 and 3.5 g/L at the end of digestion in the swine manure and the slaughterhouse sludge digesters, respectively. The fraction of proteolytic microorganisms increased (P < 0.001) during the digestion from 12.5% to 14.5% and 11.3% to 13.0% in the swine manure and the slaughterhouse sludge digesters with feather addition, respectively, but decreased in the controls. These results are reflective of feather digestion. Feather addition did not affect CH4 yields of the swine manure digesters (P = 0.082) and the slaughterhouse sludge digesters (P = 0.21), indicating that feathers can be digested together with swine manure or slaughterhouse sludge without negatively affecting the digestion of swine manure and slaughterhouse sludge. 相似文献
15.
Gismondi E Rigaud T Beisel JN Cossu-Leguille C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2012,160(1):17-23
Microsporidia parasites are commonly found in amphipods, where they are often asymptomatic, vertically-transmitted and have several effects on host sexuality and behaviour. As amphipods are often used as models in ecotoxicological studies, we investigated the effect of microsporidian infections on energy reserves and defence capacities of Gammarus roeseli under cadmium stress. Only females were infected by two microsporidia parasites: Dictyocoela roeselum or Dictyocoela muelleri. In physiological conditions, microsporidia had no major effect on energy reserves and defence capacities of G.?roeseli, while under cadmium exposure, energy reserves and antioxidant defence were weaker in infected females. Moreover, higher malondialdehyde levels detected in infected females revealed that they suffered more cellular damages. Our results suggest that microsporidia may affect gammarid fitness in stressful conditions, when parasitic stress cannot be compensated by the host. Consequently, microsporidia parasites should be a factor necessary to take into account in ecotoxicology studies involving amphipods. 相似文献
16.
The Anthropocene: From Global Change to Planetary Stewardship 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Steffen W Persson A Deutsch L Zalasiewicz J Williams M Richardson K Crumley C Crutzen P Folke C Gordon L Molina M Ramanathan V Rockström J Scheffer M Schellnhuber HJ Svedin U 《Ambio》2011,40(7):739-761
Over the past century, the total material wealth of humanity has been enhanced. However, in the twenty-first century, we face scarcity in critical resources, the degradation of ecosystem services, and the erosion of the planet's capability to absorb our wastes. Equity issues remain stubbornly difficult to solve. This situation is novel in its speed, its global scale and its threat to the resilience of the Earth System. The advent of the Anthropence, the time interval in which human activities now rival global geophysical processes, suggests that we need to fundamentally alter our relationship with the planet we inhabit. Many approaches could be adopted, ranging from geoengineering solutions that purposefully manipulate parts of the Earth System to becoming active stewards of our own life support system. The Anthropocene is a reminder that the Holocene, during which complex human societies have developed, has been a stable, accommodating environment and is the only state of the Earth System that we know for sure can support contemporary society. The need to achieve effective planetary stewardship is urgent. As we go further into the Anthropocene, we risk driving the Earth System onto a trajectory toward more hostile states from which we cannot easily return. 相似文献
17.
Planetary Stewardship in an Urbanizing World: Beyond City Limits 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sybil P. Seitzinger Uno Svedin Carole L. Crumley Will Steffen Saiful Arif Abdullah Christine Alfsen Wendy J. Broadgate Frank Biermann Ninad R. Bondre John A. Dearing Lisa Deutsch Shobhakar Dhakal Thomas Elmqvist Neda Farahbakhshazad Owen Gaffney Helmut Haberl Sandra Lavorel Cheikh Mbow Anthony J. McMichael Joao M. F. deMorais Per Olsson Patricia Fernanda Pinho Karen C. Seto Paul Sinclair Mark Stafford Smith Lorraine Sugar 《Ambio》2012,41(8):787-794
Cities are rapidly increasing in importance as a major factor shaping the Earth system, and therefore, must take corresponding responsibility. With currently over half the world’s population, cities are supported by resources originating from primarily rural regions often located around the world far distant from the urban loci of use. The sustainability of a city can no longer be considered in isolation from the sustainability of human and natural resources it uses from proximal or distant regions, or the combined resource use and impacts of cities globally. The world’s multiple and complex environmental and social challenges require interconnected solutions and coordinated governance approaches to planetary stewardship. We suggest that a key component of planetary stewardship is a global system of cities that develop sustainable processes and policies in concert with its non-urban areas. The potential for cities to cooperate as a system and with rural connectivity could increase their capacity to effect change and foster stewardship at the planetary scale and also increase their resource security. 相似文献
18.
Paul E. Rider Carole C. Rider Robert N. Corning 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1011-1013
One of the more common and useful methods of testing for SO2 in the atmosphere is to use the Huey sulfation plate.1 It has a layer of PbÕ2 particles suspended in an inert substrate which reacts with ambient SO2 gas to form PbSÛ4. The amount of PbSÛ4 can be determined by gravimetric, spec-trophotometric, or turbidimetric methods. The amount of atmospheric SO2 is estimated by assuming a linear correlation between it and measured PbS04 on the plate. 相似文献
19.
Carole Neidich-Ryder Patrick Kennelly 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(5):3011-3022
The Hempstead Plains, located in Nassau County, New York, contains remnants of the only naturally occurring prairie east of the Appalachian Mountains. It originally encompassed approximately 12,500 ha. Although the area receives higher amounts of rainfall for a typical tall-grass prairie ecosystem, approximately 114 cm of precipitation per year, its well-drained, dark-colored soil sited above glacial outwash, available natural seed bank, and history of fires enabled development of a tall-grass prairie. This study identified prairie remnants within the historical extent of the Hempstead Plains delineated by the 1928 soil survey from the United States Department of Agriculture. Image analysis of infrared color 8-bit orthophotographs was used for an unsupervised classification on a 156-ha primary study area containing a known prairie remnant, centered on the Red Golf Course at Eisenhower Park in East Meadow. The resulting 16 classes were combined into six more general classes before undergoing an error assessment based on field and orthoimagery ground-truthing of 1,000 random points. As confirmed by site visits, analysis was generally able to distinguish prairie grass from non-native grasses using remote sensing, as native warm-season prairie grasses are dormant from late fall to early spring. Overall accuracy for the six classes was 89 %. Accuracy of the warm-season grass class was 81 % for producer’s accuracy and 83 % for user’s accuracy. This study identified additional sites containing warm-season grasses and potential prairie remnants in Nassau County. 相似文献
20.
Thomas J. Olivier Carole Ober John Buettner-Janusch Donald Stone Sade 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1981,8(4):279-285
Summary In rhesus monkey populations, animals related by descent to some female comprise a matriline or genealogy. Data on blood protein polymorphisms in the Cayo Santiago rhesus colony indicate that allele frequency variations among matrilines in social groups are large. These variations occur despite high levels of outbreeding. Computer simulation analyses indicate that pedigree or linear effect account for much of the observed genetic differentiation among genealogies. A sampling with correlation model in which genealogy sizes and average kinship levels are parameters predicts among matriline genetic differentiation. This study indicates that substantial genetic substructure is present within rhesus social groups. Our analyses also predict that large variances in allele frequencies should be common among social or trait groups based on kinship relationships. 相似文献