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One of the challenges faced by waste management authorities is determining the amount of waste generated by households in order to establish waste management systems, as well as trying to charge rates compatible with the principle applied worldwide, and design a fair payment system for households according to the amount of residential solid waste (RSW) they generate. The goal of this research work was to establish mathematical models that correlate the generation of RSW per capita to the following variables: education, income per household, and number of residents. This work was based on data from a study on generation, quantification and composition of residential waste in a Mexican city in three stages. In order to define prediction models, five variables were identified and included in the model. For each waste sampling stage a different mathematical model was developed, in order to find the model that showed the best linear relation to predict residential solid waste generation. Later on, models to explore the combination of included variables and select those which showed a higher R(2) were established. The tests applied were normality, multicolinearity and heteroskedasticity. Another model, formulated with four variables, was generated and the Durban-Watson test was applied to it. Finally, a general mathematical model is proposed to predict residential waste generation, which accounts for 51% of the total. 相似文献
143.
Tapia J Vargas-Chacoff L Bertrán C Peña-Cortés F Hauenstein E Schlatter R Jiménez C Tapia C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):3141-3151
The concentrations of cadmium, lead, manganese and zinc were determined in the fish species Micropogonias manni captured in Budi Lake, Araucanía Region (Chile). The measurements were made by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and the analysis
considered the sex, weight and size of the species; the representative samples were taken from the liver and muscle tissue.
The method was validated using certified reference material (DOLT-1). The ranges of concentrations found in the muscle tissue
were: Cd, not determinate (n.d.)–0.26; Pb, n.d.–1.88; Mn, 0.02–12.17 and Zn, 0.48–39.04 mg kg−1 (dry weight). The concentrations in muscle tissue were generally lower than those found in the liver. With respect to the
average concentrations recorded for each metal in the edible part of the fish (muscle tissue), it was found that the levels
of Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn are within the ranges published by other authors in similar works and below the maximum concentration
limits permitted by current legislation (FAO/WHO 2004; EU 2001) and do not constitute a health hazard for consumers of this species. The results were subjected to statistical analysis
to evaluate the correlations between the content of the various metals and the sex, weight and size of each sample. 相似文献
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Organized tours to watch wildlife are popular recreational and educational activities, in which the visitor expectative (to observe as many and as diverse animals as possible) runs parallel to conservation purposes. However, the presence of visitors may cause negative impacts on wildlife, which makes recreation difficult to manage. Thus, restricting visitor's load to minimize impacts on fauna may be advisable, but too much restriction may end up disappointing the public. We analysed how visitors' group size influences the number and variety of birds observed during an educational activity directed to scholars, in a forested area where public access is otherwise restricted. We observed fewer birds, but not fewer species, as the size of scholars' groups increased. Such effect was apparently mediated by a few species demonstrating reduced tolerance to increased group size. Our results support the idea that reducing the size of visitors' groups not only helps to minimize the negative impacts on wildlife derived from leisure activities, but also allows visitors to watch more wildlife. Therefore, organizing visitors in small numbers is recommended in the design of activities directed to groups of people visiting natural areas. 相似文献
147.
Eiró Luciana Guimarães Ferreira Maria Karolina Martins Frazão Déborah Ribeiro Aragão Walessa Alana Bragança Souza-Rodrigues Renata Duarte Fagundes Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Maia Lucianne Cople Lima Rafael Rodrigues 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(28):37001-37015
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic and abundant elements in the earth’s crust, which is pointed out that the intoxication caused by it... 相似文献
148.
Gálvez-Iriqui Alma Carolina García-Romo Joel Said Cortez-Rocha Mario Onofre Burgos-Hernández Armando Burboa-Zazueta María Guadalupe Luque-Alcaraz Ana Guadalupe Calderón-Santoyo Montserrat Argüelles-Monal Waldo Manuel Plascencia-Jatomea Maribel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(3):3051-3065
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Chitosan (CS) nanosystems have potential applications for the control of microorganisms in the medical, environmental, and agrifood fields. In vivo... 相似文献
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Paulo Ribeiro Fernando Fonseca Carolina Neiva Tiziana Bardi Júlia M. Lourenço 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(2):195-213
This paper describes an integrated approach to transform an industrial park into an eco-industrial park by combining three interconnected goals, namely, the consolidation of industrial symbiosis, the promotion of sustainable accessibility and the development of multi-functionalities. The result is an interdependent approach where industrial and territorial ecosystems are jointly planned, seeking a more sustainable level of development that considers industrial activity, the transportation of people and goods and the spatial articulation with the neighbouring environment and urban areas. The critical points and challenges for improving the territorial integration of the French industrial park of Salaise-Sablons are discussed, providing lessons for the future. Regardless of the specificities of the case study, this approach has the potential to be adopted in similar industrial parks. 相似文献