全文获取类型
收费全文 | 808篇 |
免费 | 33篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 23篇 |
废物处理 | 31篇 |
环保管理 | 160篇 |
综合类 | 112篇 |
基础理论 | 214篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 232篇 |
评价与监测 | 44篇 |
社会与环境 | 21篇 |
灾害及防治 | 10篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 24篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 31篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 18篇 |
2014年 | 23篇 |
2013年 | 57篇 |
2012年 | 30篇 |
2011年 | 41篇 |
2010年 | 31篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 34篇 |
2007年 | 37篇 |
2006年 | 49篇 |
2005年 | 18篇 |
2004年 | 20篇 |
2003年 | 26篇 |
2002年 | 23篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 10篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有848条查询结果,搜索用时 390 毫秒
81.
The effect of a green leaf volatile on host plant finding by larvae of a herbivorous insect 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The role of a general green leaf volatile (glv) in host finding by larvae of the oligophagous chrysomelid Cassida denticollis was investigated using a new bioassay which takes into account the need for neonate larvae of this species to climb fresh
host plants from the ground. A "stem arena" was designed in which plant stems of the host, tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), and stem dummies (tooth picks), both wrapped in perforated filter paper, were offered to neonate larvae. The wrapping allowed
olfactory responses to be tested by preventing access to contact stimuli of stems and dummies. Larvae significantly preferred
to climb the wrapped tansy stems over dummies after a period of 15 min. The test glv, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, was not attractive when applied to dummies. However, when the glv was applied to the bottom of the arena,
the ability of larvae to discriminate between host stems and untreated dummies was significantly enhanced. More larvae climbed
wrapped host stems than dummies even within 5 min. While numerous other herbivorous insects are known to be directly attracted
by glv, this study shows that a singly offered glv on its own is unattractive to an herbivore but enhances the herbivore's
ability to differentiate between host and nonhost plants.
Received: 19 October 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 28 February 2000 相似文献
82.
D. C. Davenport J. E. Anderson L. W. Gay B. E. Kynard E. K. Bonde R. M. Hagan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(5):1293-1300
ABSTRACT: The continuous availability of ground water to riparian phreatophytic vegetation results in large evapotranspiration (ET) losses in summer. Chemical or physical eradication of this vegetation can have undesirable environmental side effects. Spraying phreatophyte foliage with a nontoxic antitranspirant (AT) may reduce transpiration without eradication. Transpiration rate per unit leaf area was similar for several phreatophyte species, but ET per unit land area of phreatophytes depneds more on stand density than species. The mean ET for saltcedar in June was 8.1 mm/day measured by Bowen ratio, compared with 7.9 mm by lysimeters. ATs and growth-retardants reduced transpiration by over 50 percent in laboratory tests where foliage was thoroughly sprayed. In the field AT sprayed by a back-pack mistblower reduced ET by 20–35 percent initially and 10 percent after a month. No ET reduction occurred when AT was sprayed by helicopter on saltcedar, because excessive droplet size and heavy salt deposits on the foliage resulted in poor spray adherence. Wax-based AT was relatively nontoxic to fish and wildlife. Dissolved oxygen could be reduced for aquatic life, but further AT dilution in streams and ponds would minimize this. Helicopter spraying may affect bird nests and egg hatchability. Although ATs significantly reduce ET, their high cost and spraying difficulties preclude current use on phreatophytes. With improvement they may economically help to conserve water in riparian areas in future years. 相似文献
83.
P. H. Anderson M. W. Lefor W. C. Kennard 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(2):248-255
ABSTRACT: The delineation of inland wetlands requires close field examination of the biological and physical gradients (transition zones) between wetlands and bordering uplands. As part of a study on the detection and delineation of inland wetlands in eastern Connecticut by remote sensing techniques, this effort was designed to investigate vegetation distribution and composition and selected physical and chemical properties of the soils of wetland to upland transition zones in deciduous wetland forests. Field research was conducted during the growing season of 1975 within a test area consisting of the 45 mi2 Town of Mansfield, Connecticut. Changes in vegetation composition and structure, soil pH, and soil water content were determined along line transects extended over wetland to upland transition zones. Differences in soil pH occurred along the transects but were of such magnitude that they probably have little impact on plant distribution. There were significant changes in soil water content along the wetland to upland gradients. Discriminant analysis applied to statistical “index of abundance” data describing vegetation distribution among the various zones (wetland, transition, upland) showed which plant species best distinguish wetlands from uplands. Of the criteria studied, vegetation composition and distribution, soil water content, and relief are the most useful criteria for delineating deciduous wetland forests. 相似文献
84.
Gary R. Minton Dale Anderson Alan Coburn 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1978,14(6):1440-1448
ABSTRACT: An important enforcement question is, “What should be the relationship between ‘Best Management Practices’ (BMP) and receiving-water standards?” Nonpoint pollution dischargers are concerned about implementing a BMP program, only to find themselves in violation because receiving-water standards still have not been met. They are also concerned about the procedures a regulatory agency will utilize to determine the relative success of a BMP program. Successful management of nonpoint pollution requires that these concerns be addressed. Three alternative relationships have been developed. The recommended alternative is to implement the BMP program and use standards as a measure of the effectiveness of the program. Failure to achieve the standards would lead to a reevaluation of the BMP program. Enforcement activities against nonpoint dischargers would be restricted to the failure on their part to implement the previously agreed upon BMP program. Recommendations are also made as to measures regulatory agencies should take if their procedures to judge the relative success of a BMP program are to be technically and politically effective. 相似文献
85.
The authors present an economic justification for extramarket intervention in the markets for secondary materials and briefly discuss the possible impacts of futures trading on the cash market for a commodity. These impacts are applied to the markets for secondary materials and the potential effects are assessed. They conclude with a rationale for public participation in initiating a scrap futures market. 相似文献
86.
R. L. Anderson N. I. Wengert 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1977,13(4):769-773
ABSTRACT: Rapid population growth in the metropolitan area of Denver, Colorado, is causing conflicts over water use. Two cities, Thomton and Westminster, have begun condemnation proceedings against three irrigation companies to secure agricultural water rights for municipal use. This is the first condemnation proceeding against irrigation water rights for municipal use. Should the suit succeed, over 30,000 acres of presently irrigated land will lose its water supply. There are about four hundred landowners in the area; two hundred of these are commercial farmers, including truck, dairy and specialty farms. Total agricultural production amounts to about $8 million per year. About 561 jobs related to agriculture will disappear along with about $4 million in not income. Only 6.4 percent of the farmland along the Front Range is irrigated. Continued urban growth will put pressure on the water supply of much of this land. The interested parties of the region should cooperate to lessen the impact of urban growth on agricultural lands and water by forming a metropolitan water district. Such a district could share costs of development of additional municipal water and develop systems where municipalities would recycle waste water back to the irrigated lands. 相似文献
87.
Albert Rango Arthur T. Anderson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1974,10(5):1060-1081
ABSTRACT. The Spring 1973 Mississippi River flood was investigated using remotely sensed data from ERTS-1. Both manual and automatic analyses of the data indicate that ERTS-I is extremely useful as a regional tool for flood management. Quantitative estimates of area flooded were made in St. Charles County, Missouri and Arkansas. Flood hazard mapping was conducted in three study areas along the Mississippi River using pre-flood ERTS-1 imagery enlarged to 1:250,000 and 1:100,000 scale. The flood prone areas delineated on these maps correspond to areas that would be inundated by significant flooding (approximately the 100 year flood). The flood prone area boundaries were generally in agreement with flood hazard maps produced by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and U. S. Geological Survey although the latter are somewhat more detailed because of their larger scale. Initial results indicate that ERTS-1 digital mapping of flood prone areas can be performed at 1:62,500 which is comparable to some conventional flood hazard map scales. 相似文献
88.
89.
Quantification and reduction of erroneous differences between images in remote sensing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The reliability of image data, along with the difficulty of accurately comparing images acquired at different times or from
different sensors, is a generic problem in remote sensing. Measurement repeatability errors occur frequently and can substantially
reduce the system’s ability to reliably quantify real spectral and spatial change in a target. This paper outlines methodologies
for quantifying and reducing erroneous differences between monochrome and multispectral or hyperspectral images. [Each of
these image types is acquired by an instrument that collects light photons across a variable range of the electromagnetic
spectrum (often referred to as an image band). The hyperspectral image is often referred to as a hyperspectral cube with XY
spatial dimensions and many Z bands (spectral demotions)]. In this paper, we specifically discuss the Pixel Block Transform
(PBT), the Spectral Averaging Transform (SAT), and the Wavelet Transform (WAVEL). We briefly address sensor fusion. Results
indicate that the PBT is a powerful cross-noise and repeatability error reducing tool, applicable to monochrome, multispectral,
and hyperspectral images. The SAT is as powerful as the PBT in reducing error but is suitable only for hyperspectral imagery.
WAVEL can reduce some of the finer scale noise, but it is not as powerful in reducing cross-noise as PBT or SAT and it requires
some trial and error for selecting the appropriate wavelet function. It is important that those involved in developing statistically
sound relationships between remotely sensed imagery and other data sources understand the problems and their solutions to
prevent wasting time or developing relationships that are statistically insignificant or unstable, or that lead to faulty
conclusions. 相似文献