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721.
Rogério Cerávolo Calia Fábio Müller Guerrini Mário de Castro 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(15):1303-1310
The diffusion of Pollution Prevention faces organizational barriers as for instance resistance to change, insufficient support from decision-makers, unclear project leadership, insufficient employee accountability and inflexible organizational structures. To understand how to overcome such barriers, the performance of a Pollution Prevention program of a multinational corporation is analyzed. The quantitative analyses of 2096 Pollution Prevention projects conducted between 1995 and 2007 support the conclusion that the performance of the Pollution Prevention program increased after the implementation of the Six Sigma program. Moreover, the analyses of 1906 Pollution Prevention projects and 31,133 Six Sigma projects for cost reduction in 27 countries indicate that in countries where the implementation of Six Sigma is more expressive, pollution is prevented more than in countries with less expressive Six Sigma implementation. In fact, the Six Sigma implementation improved the organizational capability for data based project management. Therefore, comparing six years before and six years after the Six Sigma implementation, the total number of Pollution Prevention projects recognized increased 6.9 times and the total amount of pollution prevented increased by 62%. The qualitative analysis describes how the Six Sigma program interacts with the Pollution Prevention program in the studied company. 相似文献
722.
Marta Diez-Valcarce Petros Kokkinos Kirsi S?derberg Martijn Bouwknegt Kris Willems Ana Maria de Roda-Husman Carl-Henrik von Bonsdorff Maria Bellou Marta Hernández Leena Maunula Apostolos Vantarakis David Rodríguez-Lázaro 《Food and environmental virology》2012,4(2):73-80
In this study, the prevalence of different enteric viruses in commercial mussels was evaluated at the retail level in three European countries (Finland, Greece and Spain). A total of 153 mussel samples from different origins were analysed for human norovirus (NoV) genogroups I and II, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV). Human adenovirus (HAdV) was also tested as an indicator of human faecal contamination. A full set of controls (such as sample process control, internal amplification controls, and positive and negative controls) were implemented during the process. The use of a sample process control allowed us to calculate the efficiencies of extraction, which ranged from 79 to 0.5?%, with an average value of 10?%. Samples were positive in 41?% of cases, with HAdV being the most prevalent virus detected (36?%), but no significant correlation was found between the presence of HAdV and human NoV, HAV and HEV. The prevalences of human norovirus genogroup II, HEV and human NoV genogroup I were 16, 3 and 0.7?%, respectively, and HAV was not detected. The estimated number of PCR detectable units varied between 24 and 1.4?×?103?g?1 of digestive tract. Interestingly, there appeared to be a significant association between the type of mussel species (M. galloprovincialis) and the positive result of samples, although a complete overlap between country and species examined required this finding to be confirmed including samples of both species from all possible countries of origin. 相似文献
723.
Antonio C.B. de Araujo Romildo P. Brito Helen Shang 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(16):1512-1525
In smelting processes, a large amount of off-gas emission is often generated, which can cause serious environmental and plant hygiene problems if not properly treated. Off-gas cleaning systems extract and treat the hazardous emissions, and ensure that the smelter operation is in accordance with environmental and industrial hygiene regulations. To this end, it is paramount that a well-designed control structure be incorporated into the system. In this work a plantwide control design procedure is applied to an industrial nickel smelter furnace off-gas cleaning system. We first approach the problem by conducting a steady-state analysis based on a nonlinear model of the process, where the objective is to determine how to achieve safe, clean and economic operation in terms of energy consumption. Results reveal that a large amount of energy can be saved by controlling the temperature in the furnace freeboard at its upper bound (active constraint). For the same reason, the temperatures in the two louvers (active constraints) should be controlled at their respective upper bounds so to minimize air intake into the system. The selection of the “unconstrained” variable to be controlled is found by applying the self-optimizing control technique, and the results indicate that a small loss is acceptable when one of the manipulated variables is fixed at its nominal optimal operating point, a highly desirable choice from an operational viewpoint. The bottleneck of the system is identified as the fans' discharge pressures when we allow the feed rate as a degree of freedom. Furthermore, a design change consisting of the installation of an auxiliary air intake in the smelter furnace shows to be a very effective economic alternative to minimize energy consumption. A control structure is then designed where the issue is to keep pressures in the system well within the negative region by determining the configuration of the regulatory and supervisory control layers such that acceptable dynamic performance in face of known, deterministic disturbance is achieved. Nonlinear dynamic simulations are performed to validate the suggested control structure for both modes of operation in the original system and in the proposed design change. The results showed that both regulatory and supervisory designs should make use of the simplicity of decentralized PI control schemes associated with some cascaded configurations so as to boost the disturbance rejection capabilities of the system. 相似文献
724.
Simões Marta Filipa Maiorano Alfredo Eduardo dos Santos Jonas Gomes Peixoto Luciana de Souza Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla Neto Almir Oliveira Brito António Guerreiro Ottoni Cristiane Angélica 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(3):1413-1420
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The anthraquinone dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R is largely used in the textile industry. However, its removal from wastewaters is costly and complex. Many methods... 相似文献
725.
Pierfrancesco Biasetti Thomas B. Hildebrandt Frank Göritz Robert Hermes Susanne Holtze Jan Stejskal Cesare Galli Ilaria Pollastri Alessia Muzzo Isaac Lekolool David Ndereeh Patrick Omondi Linus Kariuki Domnic Mijele Samuel Mutisya Stephen Ngulu Barbara de Mori 《Conservation biology》2023,37(2):e14029
Achieving ethically responsible decisions is crucial for the success of biodiversity conservation projects. We adapted the ethical matrix, decision tree, and Bateson's cube to assist in the ethical analysis of complex conservation scenarios by structuring these tools so that they can implement the different value dimensions (environmental, social, and animal welfare) involved in conservation ethics. We then applied them to a case study relative to the decision-making process regarding whether or not to continue collecting biomaterial on the oldest of the two remaining northern white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum cottoni), a functionally extinct subspecies of the white rhinoceros. We used the ethical matrix to gather ethical pros and cons and as a starting point for a participatory approach to ethical decision-making. We used decision trees to compare the different options at stake on the basis of a set of ethical desiderata. We used Bateson's cube to establish a threshold of ethical acceptability and model the results of a simple survey. The application of these tools proved to be pivotal in structuring the decision-making process and in helping reach a shared, reasoned, and transparent decision on the best option from an ethical point of view among those available. 相似文献
726.
AbstractObjective: It is well established within the traffic psychology literature that a distinction can be made between driving skill and driving style. The majority of self-report questionnaires have been developed for car drivers, whereas only limited knowledge exists on the riding skill and style of cyclists. Individual differences in cycling skills need to be understood in order to apply targeted interventions.Methods: This study reports on a psychometric analysis of the Cycling Skill Inventory (CSI), a self-report questionnaire that asks cyclists to rate themselves from definitely weak to definitely strong on 17 items. Herein, we administered the CSI using an online crowdsourcing method, complemented with respondents who answered the questionnaire using paper and pencil (n?=?1,138 in total). Our analysis focuses on understanding the major sources of variance of the CSI and its correlates with gender, age, exposure, and self-reported accident involvement as a cyclist.Results: The results showed that 2 components underlie the item data: Motor–tactical skills and safety motives. Correlational analyses indicated that participants with a higher safety motives score were involved in fewer self-reported cycling accidents in the past 3 years. The analysis also confirmed well-established gender differences, with male cyclists having lower safety motives but higher motor–tactical skills than female cyclists.Conclusions: The nomological network of the CSI for cyclists is similar to that of the Driving Skill Inventory for car drivers. Safety motives are a predictor of self-reported accident involvement among cyclists. 相似文献
727.
Yadira Ansoar-Rodríguez Cintya A. Christofoletti Jorge E. Correia Raphael B. de Souza Cristina Moreira-de-Sousa Ana Claudia de Castro Marcato 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(12):881-887
Liver is very sensitive to environmental contaminants such as pesticides, it being the first target of toxicity of a substance. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effects of the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) on the liver of Oreochromis niloticus according concentrations used for growing sugarcane. A semi-quantitative analysis of histopathological alterations of IMI on liver was performed by light microscopy and cellular labeling of heat shock proteins (HSP70) by immunohistochemistry. The most common changes in liver at all concentrations of IMI were hydropic degeneration, pyknotic nuclei, and loss of cell limits. Steatosis and increased levels of HSP70 were detected in hepatocytes with the highest concentration of IMI. In conclusion, the tested concentrations of IMI induced histopathological changes in the liver of O. niloticus and active defence mechanisms to maintain the morphophysiological integrity of the liver. This insecticide has a toxicity potential for these fish, which is a non-target organism of its action. 相似文献
728.
729.
730.
R. C. de Loë 《Journal of environmental management》1999,55(4):219
The Oldman River Dam is a major water control structure built by the Government of Alberta to regulate the flow of the Oldman River. Completed in 1992, the dam was the subject of intensive media coverage in Alberta, Canada. Newspaper coverage of the dam story in two Alberta papers, the CalgaryHeraldand the EdmontonJournal, was analysed for the years between 1975 and 1992. This study links coverage with events that occurred in the case, and analyses the role of the media in the case. While the media played an important role in shaping public awareness of the dam project, their influence on Government policy was mixed. In the early years of the case (1975–1980), there is evidence that the provincial Government changed its plans in response to public protests documented in media such as theHeraldand theJournal. However, after 1987, the Government came to see the media as biased, and not representative of public opinion. Consequently, their influence on policy makers was negligible. Patterns in coverage of both papers, which included wild swings from year-to-year in the number, emphasis and tone of items, can be explained with reference to inherent characteristics of the media. These include: an inability on the part of the papers to consider positive and negative aspects of issues simultaneously for any length of time, and a consequent tendency to provideeithera positiveora negative stance; simplification of very complex issues in an attempt to create accessible, newsworthy stories; rapid shifts in the tone of coverage, as attention focused on different dimensions of the issue, rather than because of new information; a focus on conflict and other sensational aspects of stories; and a tendency towards a rapid loss of interest in a story once journalistic attention shifts elsewhere. 相似文献