英国新论：“漂洗的海岸”并不是健康的生态

英国学者Fred Pearce认为：一个绝对干净的海岸是毫无生机的,他把这样的海滨称为＂漂洗的海岸＂,意思是人们过度地追求海滨的清洁和干净,将海草、浮屑和一些可以为海滨微生物提供营养的生活污水完全除净,使这些海洋微生物长期处于＂饥饿＂状态,这样的海岸似乎干净,但却破坏了生态平衡。他发现海滨地区的海草、     

春季大亚湾海域沉积物-海水界面营养盐的交换速率

2007年4月应用实验室培养法研究了大亚湾海域沉积物-海水界面营养盐的交换速率(ν)和交换通量(F),并与间隙水分子扩散模型计算结果进行了对比。结果表明,νDIN变化范围为304.21~441.92μmol/m2.d,平均为368.05μmol/m2.d,νPO4-P变化范围为27.08~110.21μmol/m2.d,平均为48.64μmol/m2.d,νSiO3-Si变化范围为1878.10~6024.40μmol/m2.d,平均为3653.84μmol/m2.d。与间隙水分子扩散模型计算结果相比较,两者之间存在数量级的差异。产生差异的原因在于,间隙水分子扩散模型在浅水海湾中应用时没有考虑到沉积物底栖生物活动以及风浪扰动等因素的影响。大亚湾海域春季FDIN/SE为2.03×107mol,FPO4-Pi/SE为2.68×106mol,FSiO3-Si/SE为2.02×108mol,为维持大亚湾春季的初级生产力,沉积物交换过程可提供约10%的DIN、21%的PO4-P和98%的SiO3-Si。     

Recycling combustibles from aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) to improve fresh MSW incineration in Shanghai: Investigation of necessity and feasibility

Aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) excavated from landfills and dumpsites were characterized to analyze their fraction composition, moisture content, and lower heat value (LHV). The necessity and feasibility of recycling combustibles from aged MSW to improve the incineration of fresh MSW were investigated. The results showed that combustibles in aged MSW were easily separated from other components and than LHV of the separated combustibles are higher than 11000 kJ/kg. The fresh MSW are of high moisture contents with average LHV below 6500 kJ/kg, making their stable combustion difficult to maintain in MSW incinerators. For both fresh MSW and aged MSW, plastics are the main contributor to their LHV. To improve incineration of fresh MSW that are characterized with low LHV, combustibles separated from aged MSW were made into refuse derived fuel (RDF) pellets and were then added to fresh MSW by 2% wt.–5% wt. LHV variation and air supply resistance change of the MSW layer on the incinerator grate caused by the addition of RDF was checked, and no significant changes were found. No obvious difference was observed for the ‘burn-out time’ between RDF pellets and fresh MSW either. RDF made from aged MSW combustibles is found to be a promising auxiliary fuel to improve the incineration of fresh MSW, and aged MSW from old landfill cells and dumpsites can be finally disposed of jointly with fresh MSW by recycling combustible from the former to be coincinerated with the latter in the incineration plants.     

防雷技术在湖南地震台站的应用

本文从讨论雷电对地震台站产生的危害出发,为了确保台站仪器设备的正常运行,根据台站的不同情况,进行了防雷方案分类设计和分类实施,使防雷技术在地震台站取得了良好效果。     

Ecological risk assessment based on road network development analysis of Xiamen city,China

Urban road network development (RND) plays an important role in social and economic evolution. However, the unlimited expansion of roads leads to great changes in urban landscape patterns, which further affect ecosystems. To better characterize the urban ecological risk (UER) of RND, in this study, RND was considered the stressor and habitat provision the assessment endpoint in a UER assessment. According to the theory of landscape ecology, habitat quality disturbance intensity (HQDI) is used to quantify the negative effect of RND on an urban ecosystem. In particular, we aimed to explore the exposure-response function between road density and HQDI under RND stress. A case study was carried out in Xiamen City to examine this association. In terms of spatial distribution, this study showed that developed areas had the highest HQDI values, whereas low HQDI values were mostly associated with suburban areas. In addition, the probability distribution of HQDIs was uneven and the urban ecosystem showed unequal sensitivities to different types of roads. Based on a multilevel characterization of UER, results of this provide a framework to predict UER under RND stress and may enhance the ability of risk managers to develop scientifically based control measures.     

Effectiveness of road dust suppressants: insights from particulate matter-related health damage

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Although dust suppressants are widely applied to control road dust pollution, a consensus on their effectiveness has not been reached. To evaluate the...     

辣根过氧化物酶处理酚和氯酚的催化特性研究

为了研究辣根过氧化物酶处理酚和氯酚的动力学过程,采用人工配不试验,测定了ｐＨ对酶催化反应的影响,Ｈ２Ｏ２抑制酶催化反应的动力学参数和不同度物的酶催化反应动力学参数,结果表明,在试验的ｐＨ范围内,ｐＨ为９时过氧化物酶对苯酚和对氯苯酚的去除效率最高,分别达到９９．５％和９５％。     

新疆博尔塔拉河流域平原区地表水与地下水水化学特征及转化关系

博尔塔拉河流域地质条件复杂,地表水与地下水转化频繁,研究地表水与地下水水化学特征及转化关系对流域水资源合理开发和配置具有重要意义.基于2021年4～5月采集的15组地表水样和39组地下水样,采用APCS/MLR模型和稳定氢氧同位素与水化学相结合的方法,分析了地表水和地下水水化学类型和氢氧同位素分布特征、水化学组分源贡献...     

利用GC-MS负化学离子化模式测量痕量二羟基苯甲酸

为了提高水杨酸探针测量·OH自由基的灵敏度,将·OH自由基和水杨酸的反应产物之一2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(2,5-DHBA)与五氟苯甲基溴和硅烷化试剂衍生反应生成可挥发性有机物2,5-二(三甲基硅烷氧基)苯甲酸五氟苯甲基酯,最终产物利用GC-MS定性,并在负化学离子化模式下检测,在1μl进样的情况下,获得的质量检测限为3×10-15mol.     

不同产地麻疯树种仁的含油量及脱油种仁的佛波酯含量

选用国内4种不同产地的麻疯树种仁,对其含油量以及脱油后的佛波酯含量进行了研究.采用GB/T 5512-85粮食、油料检验粗脂肪测定法进行麻疯树种仁含油量的测定;脱油后种仁经二氯甲烷超声提取佛波酯,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对其含量进行检测.结果表明,小金河、攀枝花、仁里、片角乡麻疯树种仁的含油量分别为58.29%、60.84%、58.83%和56.12%,脱油后种仁中佛波酯含量分别为2.43 mg g-1、2.25 mg g-1h、2.03 mg g-1和1.21 mg g-1.不同产地的麻疯树种仁含油量均有差异,在深入开发麻疯树资源时,种仁含油量的高低可作为其选种依据之一.4种不同产地的麻疯树种仁脱油后的佛波酯含最均高于无毒麻疯树品种,要利用麻疯树的脱油种仁这一潜在饲料资源,对其进行进一步脱毒处理是必要的.图3表3参10