碳纳米管界面改性超滤膜的抗污机理解析

以碳纳米管(CNT)为核心改性材料,采用喷涂法对聚醚砜(PES)超滤膜进行界面改性,研究改性膜的抗污染性能.结果表明:改性膜经聚乙烯醇交联稳定后,呈现微弱的通透性降低和明显的亲水性提升,CNT交织网状层提高了界面粗糙度;在牛血清白蛋白(BSA)污染试验中,CNT-10改性膜的抗污性能最好,在20mg/L BSA试验后,...     

中国化工产业园区化的驱动机制:基于社会-生态系统框架下的博弈论分析

化工产业园区化是政府合理规范化工园区且将化工园区外化工生产企业关停并搬迁至化工园区内的产业集聚化,是解决目前中国化工产业安全事故频发、环境污染严重等问题,推进化工产业转型升级的重要政策之一。中国化工产业园区化的社会—生态系统框架刻画了化工园区、化工产品、化工园区管委会、企业和公众四个核心子系统的关联,在此基础上,中国化工产业园区化的博弈模型将参与者简化为政府(包括化工园区管委会)、企业(化工生产企业)和公众(化工生产企业现址影响半径内的居民群体),并分别构建了政府与企业间的博弈模型与公众参与下的政府与企业间的博弈模型。根据模型推论,此两类情景博弈的纳什均衡都可以为(政府行政政策,企业按期搬迁入园)或(政府经济政策,企业按期搬迁入园)。中国化工产业园区化的驱动机制,是在作为外在驱动主体的政府和公众的引导和监督下,作为内在驱动主体的化工生产企业,在各驱动因素的协同作用下,实现其"按期搬迁入园"的机制。进而得出化工生产企业与化工园区"按期匹配搬迁入园"、提升化工园区公共服务能力、差异化地一企一策及建立公众和企业与政府的三方对话机制的四点政策建议。     

腐殖酸-海泡石复合钝化剂的制备及其对Cd污染土壤的修复

对海泡石进行热改性,以腐殖酸和海泡石为原料,制备了腐殖酸-海泡石复合钝化剂。采用BCR形态分析法研究了复合钝化剂对镉污染土壤的钝化效果。结果表明,制备复合钝化剂的最佳工艺条件为：腐殖酸与海泡石质量比2∶1,氢氧化钠质量浓度0.04 g/mL,热反应时间40 min,热反应温度80 ℃。复合钝化剂的最佳添加量为7%（w）,培养3 d后,钝化效率达46.87%,土壤pH升高至7.02,活稳比降低为0.65,土壤中镉的释放风险显著降低。复合钝化剂修复镉污染土壤时,会促使活性态镉向稳定态镉转化,使镉在土壤中的稳定性提高。     

提取七叶皂苷钠的废水处理

提取七叶皂苷钠废水中含有七叶皂苷钠、淀粉、色素、胶质。其中七叶皂苷钠易起泡,不易回收和处理,本文采用加抑泡剂(YP1),深度处理回收釜残液,使综合废水浓度降低,经水解酸化3h,好氧生物处理6h,出水CODCr<100mgL,达到国家规定的排放标准。     

Sewage sludge effects on mesofauna and cork oak (Quercus suber L.) leaves decomposition in a Mediterranean forest firebreak

Effects of sewage sludge on litter mesofauna communities (Collembola and Acari) and cork oak (Quercus suber L.) leaf litter decomposition have been studied during 18 mo using litterbags in an in situ experimental forest firebreak in southeastern France. The sludge (2.74 t DM ha(-1) yr(-1)) was applied to fertilize and maintain a pasture created on the firebreak. Litterbag colonization had similar dynamics on both the control and fertilized plots and followed a typical Mediterranean pattern showing a greater abundance in spring and autumn and a lower abundance in summer. After 9 mo of litter colonization, Collembola and Acari, but mainly Oribatida, were more abundant on the sludge-fertilized plot. Leaf litter decomposition showed a similar pattern on both plots, but it was faster on the control plot. Furthermore, leaves from the fertilized plot were characterized by greater nitrogen content. Both chemical composition of leaves and sludges and the decomposition state of leaves have significantly affected the mesofauna community composition from each plot.     

聚磷酸钙可降解纤维研究

为解决材料在环境中的降解问题,制备了聚磷酸钙纤维．研究表明其结构为无定形玻璃态,抗拉强度为１．９０ＧＰａ,弹性模量为６７．５ＧＰａ,并可发生化学降解,故可作为可降解复合材料的增强纤维     

填方边坡碎石填土配比优化研究

在我国黄土丘陵地区,每年因为高填方边坡失稳而造成的人员伤亡和财产损失数不胜数,有必要从高填方边坡的填料入手,开展高填方边坡失稳问题研究。以陕西某高填方边坡为例,将高填方边坡的碎石填料作为主要研究控制对象,取其边坡正在填筑的碎石填料,通过诸多室内试验测定物理力学参数、渗透性等,并借助FLAC 3D数值模拟计算其稳定性,先确定最优土石比,再确定在最优土石比下的优选级配。择优选择的级配相比之前的填料,力学性能更好,强度更高,隔水效果控制更明显,坡体的整体稳定性加强。从填方填料入手,能有效降低因回填材料不合理而引发的边坡失稳。     

Human PCDD/PCDF levels near a pentachlorophenol contamination site in Tainan, Taiwan

A pentachlorophenol (PCP) manufacturing plant in southern Taiwan discontinued production in 1989. The site of the abandoned plant was heavily contaminated by PCDD/PCDFs, impurities formed in the PCP production process. Serum samples collected from 27 residents living near the deserted plant were evaluated to determine whether this contamination had associated serum levels of PCDD/PCDFs in local residents. The average level of 17 tested congeners ranged from 556 to 5240 pg/g lipid (mean, 1670 pg/g lipid). The corresponding 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalent quotient values calculated by international toxicity equivalent factors (I-TEFs) and those recommended by WHO (WHO-TEFs) were 47.2 pg I-TEQ/g lipid and 53.4 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid, respectively. Levels in other parts of Taiwan typically range from 15 to 20 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid; therefore, it is likely that the heavily contaminated plant site caused these unusually high serum levels. The average PCDD/PCDF levels of 29 fish-tissue and nine soil samples collected from the sea reservoir surrounding the abandoned PCP plant were also abnormally high: 8630 pg/g lipid (985 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid) and 606000 pg/g-sample (922 pg WHO-TEQ/g-sample), respectively. Factor analysis indicated that the congener pattern of human serum samples collected from residents living near the abandoned PCP plant different from samples collected from other areas in Taiwan without known PCDD/PCDF pollution. Similar results were observed for the fish tissue and soil samples. The current study may have discovered a "hot spot" for elevated dioxin human exposure in Taiwan. The preliminary finding has raised a public health concern in the inspected area and requires further investigations to clarify the nature of the contamination and potential impact on the local environment and human health.     

关于死海地区臭氧耗损现象(ODEs)的研究综述

自1997年在死海地区的大气边界层中观测到午间臭氧浓度迅速下降的现象后,研究学者们即对该地区的臭氧耗损现象(ozone depletion events,简称ODEs)展开了研究.而在此之前,大气边界层内的ODEs现象普遍被认为只会发生在极地地区的特殊大气现象.本文综述了关于死海地区ODEs研究的发展历史,主要展示了促...     

Respiratory health assessment and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mexican indigenous population

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Indoor air pollution is an important risk factor for the generation of lung diseases in developing countries. The indigenous population is...