The role of doped-Mn on enhancing arsenic removal by MgAl-LDHs

To meet the challenges posed by global arsenic water contamination, the MgAlMn-LDHs with extraordinary efficiency of arsenate removal was developed. In order to clarify the enhancement effect of the doped-Mn on the arsenate removal performance of the LDHs, the cluster models of the MgAlMn-LDHs and MgAl-LDHs were established and calculated by using density functional theory (DFT). The results shown that the doped-Mn can significantly change the electronic structure of the LDHs and improve its chemical activity. Compared with the MgAl-LDHs that without the doped-Mn, the HOMO-LUMO gap was smaller after doping. In addition, the -OH and Al on the laminates were also activated to improve the adsorption property of the LDHs. Besides, the doped-Mn existed as a novel active site. On the other hand, the MgAlMn-LDHs with the doped-Mn, the increased of the binding energy, as well as the decreased of the ion exchange energy of interlayer Cl⁻, making the ability to arsenate removal had been considerably elevated than the MgAl-LDHs. Furthermore, there is an obvious coordination covalent bond between arsenate and the laminates of the MgAlMn-LDHs that with the doped-Mn.     

大窑湾疏浚水环境要素变化特征及其相关关系

根据大窑湾后６个泊位疏浚工程本底调查和疏浚监测结果，借助因子分析探讨了疏浚前后水环境要素的变化特征及相关关系，找出了控制污染物分布的主要因子，评价了疏浚对海洋环境的影响。     

废纸造纸废水结垢原因及防治对策研究

针对无锡某废纸造纸企业产生的污水经厌氧-好氧-化学混凝处理后,出水在放流池产生结垢现状,对各段污水中主要离子浓度进行跟踪分析,并对结垢的组分、结垢原因、机理和防治结垢对策进行了探讨。结果表明:垢样的主要成分为CaCO3;污水中含有较高浓度的钙离子和碳酸氢根离子是导致结垢的主要原因,较高的水温、pH值、流速、流动状态、池壁的粗糙程度以及PAC的投加对结垢也有一定的影响;最佳防治对策为使用Ca(OH)2+PAM代替PAC+PAM混凝,保证COD达标排放同时,也解决了出水结垢问题。     

吹扫捕集气质联用测定水中嗅味物质的研究

文章建立了一种用吹扫捕集—气相色谱质谱联用技术测定饮用水中土臭素(GSM)和二甲基异冰片(2-MIB)等嗅味物质的分析方法,确定了最佳的色谱条件、质谱条件和水样处理方法。当取样量为25mL时,回收率分别为96%和89%,RSD<10%,检出限为0.002mg/L。     

好氧颗粒污泥沉降选择实验研究与定量描述

以序批式反应器培养的成熟好氧颗粒污泥为对象,研究沉淀高度对颗粒数、比重、污泥浓度、粒径分布及选择系数的影响.结果表明,随着沉淀高度的增加,污泥浓度在沉淀时间为30 s时由0.24 mg.L-1明显增加至6.07 mg.L-1,平均粒径从450μm增加到550μm,颗粒圆形度增加12.67%,而复杂度减小13.47%,说明粒径较大、形状较规则的颗粒沉降较快,从而更易在沉降选择过程中得以保留.根据选择压原理,结合颗粒污泥沉降实验结果引入选择系数.实验和计算结果显示,在任意沉淀高度,选择系数随粒径和密度的增大而增加.随着沉淀高度的增加,直径>600～800μm的颗粒选择系数增加,小颗粒趋势与之相反,说明增大排水比有利于大颗粒保留而絮体被筛选出反应器,而低的排水比会使污泥颗粒化过程放缓.该研究结果可望对加速污泥颗粒化过程和提高其稳定性提供科学的理论依据和指导.     

左氧氟沙星在蒙脱石存在条件下对大肠杆菌的毒性效应

采用批实验研究了蒙脱石对左氧氟沙星的吸附机理及对左氧氟沙星抗菌作用的影响。结果表明,中性条件下存在培养基时,左氧氟沙星在蒙脱石上前2 h即达到吸附平衡,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附方程,吸附率达90%以上;蒙脱石吸附左氧氟沙星存在阳离子交换作用、氢键作用、疏水作用、阳离子键桥作用、静电吸附作用等物理化学过程;蒙脱石本身不具有抑菌、杀菌活性,且由于蒙脱石增大了微生物附着的比表面积,在特定情况下可以促进微生物的生长;扣除其对微生物生长的促进作用后,蒙脱石吸附左氧氟沙星降低了后者的毒性效应,其抑菌率降低约25%。上述结果为进一步研究抗生素在环境中的毒理效应提供了基础依据。     

湘江株洲段丰水期镉污染负荷总量测算及分配

以2010年8月湘江干流株洲段代表性断面水质与底泥监测资料以及其他资料为基础,采用WASP7模型模拟该江段丰水期镉浓度,并进行镉污染负荷测算与分配。研究结果表明,WASP7模型较好地重现了镉浓度的变化规律,8月份该河段上游镉入流量2 446.33 kg,下游出流量3 076.44 kg,区间增量630.12 kg,其中点源负荷量241.67 kg,占38.4%,面源负荷量304.49 kg,占48.3%,内源负荷量为83.96 kg,占13.3%。     

Total nitrogen and community turnover determine phosphorus use efficiency of phytoplankton along nutrient gradients in plateau lakes

Numerous studies support that biodiversity predict most to ecosystem functioning, but whether other factors display a more significant direct impact on ecosystem functioning than biodiversity remains to be studied. We investigated 398 samples of the phytoplankton phosphorus resource use efficiency (RUE_P = chlorophyll-a concentration/dissolved phosphate) across two seasons in nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China. We identified the main contributors to phytoplankton RUE_P and analyzed their potential influences on RUE_P at different lake trophic states. The results showed that total nitrogen (TN) contributed the most to RUE_P among the nine lakes, whereas community turnover (measured as community dissimilarity) explained the most to RUE_P variation across the two seasons. Moreover, TN also influenced RUE_P by affecting biodiversity. Species richness (SR), functional attribute diversity (FAD2), and dendrogram-based functional diversity (FDc) were positively correlated with RUE_P in both seasons, while evenness was negatively correlated with RUE_P at the end of the rainy season. We also found that the effects of biodiversity and turnover on RUE_P depended on the lake trophic states. SR and FAD2 were positively correlated with RUE_P in all three trophic states. Evenness showed a negative correlation with RUE_P at the eutrophic and oligotrophic levels, but a positive correlation at the mesotrophic level. Turnover had a negative influence on RUE_P at the eutrophic level, but a positive influence at the mesotrophic and oligotrophic levels. Overall, our results suggested that multiple factors and nutrient states need to be considered when the ecosystem functioning predictors and the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships are investigated.     

太湖湖表反照率时空特征及影响因子

湖表反照率是影响水-气界面能量平衡和水体内部光温环境的重要因子,受到太阳高度角、云量、风速和水质等环境因子的多重影响.基于太湖中尺度涡度通量网4个涡度通量观测站点(梅梁湾、大浦口、避风港和小雷山)的辐射和风速资料,结合晴空指数和水质数据,分析上述因子对太湖湖表反照率的影响及太湖湖表反照率空间差异的原因.主要结果为:太阳高度角是控制湖表反照率日变化、季节变化的主要因子;太阳高度角低于35°且当晴空指数在0~0.1和0.4~0.6之间时湖表反照率出现高值.反照率值呈现随风速、浊度和叶绿素a浓度升高而增大的趋势,而风浪通过影响浅水湖泊浊度、叶绿素a浓度从而间接影响湖表反照率.各站点湖表反照率关系为:小雷山避风港大浦口梅梁湾,其中小雷山站位于草型和藻型湖区过渡区而梅梁湾站位于藻型湖区.反照率与叶绿素a浓度水平之间的关系对蓝藻暴发及其严重程度并不敏感.本研究为湖体反照率的参数化过程提供参考依据.     

铝、铁共聚作用的化学特征及晶貌研究

通过对铝，铁水解共聚物的合成制备及其水解共聚合过程电位滴定的研究，并通过扫描电镜对其共聚物样品的晶貌观测，ｎＡｌ／ｎＦｅ的点能谱及结构组成的红外光谱测定，对铝铁共聚作用的化学特征及其晶形貌象，共聚作用进行了研究及讨论，为深入研究铝无机共聚溶液体系化学形态组成及其絮凝剂的提供了的基础实验依据。