乙酰甲胺磷对斜生栅藻的毒性及细菌降解研究

采用血球计数法测定斜生栅藻细胞数目,研究了乙酰甲胺磷对斜生栅藻的毒性作用,并通过藻类培养液中接种经过筛选得到的乙酰甲胺磷高效降解菌测定其对乙酰甲胺磷毒性的去除影响。研究结果表明,乙酰甲胺磷对斜生栅藻的抑制中浓度(EC50)大于159 mg/L,急性毒性为低毒。但进一步研究发现,在7 d后,EC50为174.68 mg/L,明显低于24 h的1 128.57 mg/L,存在亚慢性毒性。通过藻类培养液接种高效降解菌Y-6,乙酰甲胺磷对藻类的生长抑制程度减轻。     

煤矸石灰渣研制聚硅酸铝混凝剂及应用研究

利用煤矸石灰渣制取聚硅酸铝（PSA）混凝剂以及利用PSA混凝剂处理印染和钢厂除尘废水。实验表明,该混凝剂具有优良的除浊、除色、除SS性能。与常规混凝剂相比。PSA混凝剂的脱色率和SS去除率均提高20％～40％。综合考虑SS去除率、脱色率两方面因素,在处理废水时,选择pH值为6.0,沉降时间15～20min为最佳。本文还对PSA混凝剂的混凝脱色机理进行了初步探讨。     

乙醇柴油混合燃料的制备工艺和废气的排放特性

为降低柴油机排放对环境造成的污染,用乙醇部分替代柴油,探索了乙醇柴油混合燃料的制备方法,研究了掺混乙醇及助溶剂对柴油机排放的影响.结果表明:无水乙醇可以和柴油以任意比例混溶,但痕量水(0.2%)的添加即导致混合物分层,合成的有机助溶剂可保证乙醇-柴油-痕量水体系的稳定性基于台架实验,考察了掺混10%、20%、30%乙醇对燃料排放性能的影响乙醇的最佳掺混比为20%在额定工况点(功率为13kW,转速为1540r/min)时,掺混20%乙醇的混合燃料可降低烟度55%,降低HC排放70%,降低CO排放45%.不添加助溶剂时,乙醇的掺混导致排放尾气中产生乙醇、微量乙醛等有机物.而添加非金属离子助溶剂可使HC、乙醇、乙醛排放的浓度明显降低.     

镉和酚对多刺裸腹蚤的联合毒性试验

目前，镉和酚广泛存在于工业废水中，对环境和人类有着严重的危害。为了研究这两种物质对水生生物的作用，本文在研究了镉和酚两种单一因子对多刺裸腹蚤急性毒性作用基础上，采用联合指数相加法，研究了联合毒性效应。实验结果表明：锟对多刺裸腹蚤24h的LC50为0．042mg／L，苯酚对多刺裸腹蚤24h的LC50为0．044mg／L。苯酚和镉对多刺裸腹蚤的联合毒性为小于相加作用，既存在拮抗作用。     

Effect of TiO2 calcination temperature on the photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous NH3

Carbon-modified titanium dioxide(TiO2) was prepared by a sol-gel method using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor, with calcination at various temperatures, and tested for the photocatalytic oxidation(PCO) of gaseous NH3 under visible and UV light. The test results showed that no samples had visible light activity, while the TiO2 calcined at 400℃ had the best UV light activity among the series of catalysts, and was even much better than the commercial catalyst P25. The catalysts were then characterized by X-ray diffractometry, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption analysis, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry coupled with mass spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectroscopy and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. It was shown that the carbon species residuals on the catalyst surfaces induced the visible light adsorption of the samples calcined in the low temperature range( 300℃). However, the surface acid sites played a determining role in the PCO of NH3 under visible and UV light over the series of catalysts. Although the samples calcined at low temperatures had very high SSA, good crystallinity, strong visible light absorption and also low PL emission intensity, they showed very low PCO activity due to their very low number of acid sites for NH3 adsorption and activation. The TiO2 sample calcined at 400℃ contained the highest number of acid sites among the series of catalysts, therefore showing the highest performance for the PCO of NH3 under UV light.     

大丰市生态农业建设的基本经验

总结江苏省大丰市开展生态农业建设的基本经验：培植生态系统的新增长点、农业资源的合理配置和永续利用、人口数量和质量的优化，科技进步和积极引进实用技术。     

石板沟隧道洞口Ⅱ类围岩浅埋段施工方法

公路隧道的洞口浅埋段，多处于覆盖层，坡积层或风化严重的软弱破碎岩体中，在这样的地段进洞，目前均普遍采用新奥法施工，洞口段的施工工艺亦需简化，于是探讨不用明洞进洞施工方法显得很必要。然而许多隧道在局部区域可能埋深很浅，在这样的浅埋段施工，如果稍有不慎，就会导致通天坍塌，因此有必要采用地表锚杆或超前小导管注浆预加固。     

Detrimental role of residual surface acid ions on ozone decomposition over Ce-modified γ-MnO2 under humid conditions

In the study,the catalyst precursors of Ce-modified γ-MnO_2 were washed with deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant was 1,2,4 and 7,and the obtained catalysts were named accordingly.Under space velocity of 300,000 hr~(-1),the ozone conversion over the pH=7 catalyst under dry conditions and relative humidity of 65% over a period of 6 hr was 100% and 96%,respectively.However,the ozone decomposition activity of the pH=2 and 4 catalysts distinctly decreased under relative humidity of 65% compared to that under dry conditions.Detailed physical and chemical characterization demonstrated that the residual sulfate ions on the pH=2 and 4 catalysts decreased their hydrophobicity and then restrained humid ozone decomposition activity.The pH=2 and 4 catalysts had inferior resistance to high space velocity under dry conditions,because the residual sulfate ion on their surface reduced their adsorption capacity for ozone molecules and increased their apparent activation energies,which was proved by temperature programmed desorption of O_2 and kinetic experiments.Long-term activity testing,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations revealed that there were two kinds of oxygen vacancies on the manganese dioxide catalysts,one of which more easily adsorbed oxygen species and then became deactivated.This study revealed the detrimental effect of surface acid ions on the activity of catalysts under humid and dry atmospheres,and provided guidance for the development of highly efficient catalysts for ozone decomposition.     

Rule of formation of aluminum electroplating layer on Q235 steel

Aluminum electroplating layer on Q235 steel in AlCl₃-NaCl-KCl molten salt was obtained, and the rule of its nucleation and growth were investigated. The results showed that aluminum electroplating layer formed through nucleating and growing of aluminum particles, and thickened by delaminating growth pattern. At low current density, the morphology of aluminum particles took on flake-like, while at high current density they changed to spherical. The thickness of plating layer increases with increasing current density and electroplating time. The relationship between the plating thickness (δ) and electroplating time (t) or current density (i) can be expressed as δ = 0.28f¹³⁷, and δ = 1.1i^1-39.     

In situ adsorption-catalysis system for the removal of o-xylene over an activated carbon supported Pd catalyst

An activated carbon (AC) supported Pd catalyst was used to develop a highly efficient in situ adsorption-catalysis system for the removal of low concentrations of o-xylene. In this study, three kinds of Pd/AC catalysts were prepared and tested to investigate the synergistic efficiency between adsorption and catalysis for o-xylene removal. The Pd/AC catalyst was first used as an adsorbent to concentrate dilute o-xylene at low temperature. After saturated adsorption, the adsorbed o-xylene was oxidized to CO2 and H2O by raising the temperature of the catalyst bed. The results showed that more than 99% of the adsorbed o-xylene was completely oxidized to CO2 over a 5% Pd/AC catalyst at 140℃. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) were applied to investigate the physical properties of o-xylene adsorption-desorption and the in situ adsorption-catalysis activity of the AC support and Pd/AC catalyst. A synergistic relationship between the AC support and the active Pd species for the removal of low concentrations of o-xylene was established.