Synthesis and evaluation of cationic flocculant P(DAC-PAPTAC-AM) for flocculation of coal chemical wastewater

In this study, a high-efficiency cationic flocculant, P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM), was successfully prepared using UV-induced polymerization technology. The monomer Acrylamide (AM): Acryloxyethyl Trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC): methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) ratio, monomer concentration, photoinitiator concentration, urea content, and cationic monomer DAC:MAPTAC ratio, light time, and power of high-pressure mercury lamp were studied. The characteristic groups, characteristic diffraction peaks, and characteristic proton peaks of P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (¹H NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of dosage, pH value, and velocity gradient (G) value on the removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phenol by poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC), P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM), and PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) in the flocculation treatment of coal chemical wastewater were investigated. Results showed that the optimal conditions for the flocculation of coal chemical wastewater using P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) alone are as follows: dosage of 8–12 mg/L, G value of 100–250 s ^? 1, and pH value of 4–8. The optimal dosage of PAFC is 90–150 mg/L with a pH of 2–12. The optimal dosage for PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) is as follows: PAFC dosage of 90–150 mg/L, P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) dosage of 8–12 mg/L, and pH range of 2–6. When P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) was used alone, the optimal removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phenol were 81.0%, 35.0%, 75.0%, and 80.3%, respectively. PAFC has good tolerance to wastewater pH and good pH buffering. Thus, the flocculation treatment of coal chemical wastewater using the PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) compound also exhibits excellent resistance and buffering capacity.     

活性污泥数学模型中异养菌产率系数的测定研究

利用活性污泥数学模型预测污水生物处理系统,首先必须确定其参数和水质组分。采用间歇活性污泥法和呼吸计量法对活性污泥数学模型中异养菌产率系数γ_H进行测定研究。结果表明,间歇活性污泥法测定结果重现性较差,试验控制条件比较严格;呼吸计量法测定结果准确性较高,重现性良好,因而,呼吸计量法是比较可行的γ_H测定方法。     

矿化垃圾生物反应床处理渗滤液技术

针对矿化垃圾筛分后<15mm组分性质进行研究,并以该组分为填料设计制造矿化垃圾生物反应床处理渗滤液,研究表明,矿化垃圾具有较大的吸附比表面积,较强的离子交换容量,较高的有机质含量,含有种类和数量可观的微生物种群可供生物降解作用,是很好的污水处理生物介质。工程应用表明:渗滤液经过三级矿化垃圾生物反应床串联处理后,CODCr和NH4+-N的总去除率达到90%和95%以上,可稳定达到国家二、三级渗滤液排放标准。     

蚯蚓与污水土地处理试验研究

本研究将蚯蚓－－土壤床作为污水处理的一种试验装置。试验对蚯蚓的耐水能力，蚯蚓负荷、污水浓度以及渗滤速度等因素对污水处理效果的影响了初步研究，结果表明：采用合理的间歇运行引养殖污水土地处理是可行的，系统的去除率随渗滤速度的增加而降低；蚯蚓的存在能提高土壤对氮的吸附能力，提高污水处理脱氧效果。     

Real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR method for determination of fluoranthene in water samples with a molecular beacon

A reliable and sensitive competitive real-time fluorescent quantitative immuno-PCR (RTFQ-IPCR) assay using a molecular beacon was developed for the determination of trace fluoranthene (FL) in the environment. Under optimized assay conditions, FL can be determined in the concentration range from 1 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL, with y = 0.194x + 7.859, and a correlation coe cient of 0.967 was identified, with a detection limit of 0.6 fg/mL. Environmental water samples were successfully analyzed, recovery was between 90% and 116%, with intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.7%–12.8% and inter-day RSD of 8.4%–15.2%. The results obtained from RTFQ-IPCR were confirmed by ELISA, showing good accuracy and suitability to analyze FL in field samples. As a highly sensitive method, the molecular beacon-based RTFQ-IPCR is acceptable and promising for providing reliable test results to make environmental decisions.     

基于指数平滑法的环境噪声污染预测模型及应用

为了研究城市环境噪声污染的数学模型,通过对厦门市环境噪声的实际情况的分析并结合指数平滑预测模型,提出了符合当前环境噪声的分段三次指数平滑模型。计算了不同平滑系数时数学模型的精度,同时应用建立的数学模型对福州市10年内的噪声污染进行了预测。预测发现,噪声污染呈逐年减小的趋势,到2020年区域环境噪声和交通噪声污染分别达55.09 dB(A)和67.19 dB(A)。指数平滑法的应用效果与平滑系数的选取关系密切,应用时要根据预测的精度要求和预测期限的长短,适当选取平滑系数,并对预测的精度进行分析。结果表明基于该方法预测未来中期环境噪声准确率满足使用需求,并为其他环境噪声预测提供一种新的方法。     

雾对大气污染物迁移扩散的影响

从雾形成和发展过程中热力和动力特征的变化,分析了大气污染物在雾天气下的迁移扩散和清除过程。表明,在某些情况下,雾对污染物有明显的清除作用,在某些情况下,雾可以造成地面高浓度污染。     

山东烟台金斗山金矿非金属矿物成因矿物学研究

对产于烟台金斗山金矿内的贯通性非金属矿物石英及碳酸盐类的化学成分、晶体习性、流体包裹体和天然热发光特征做了研究 ,结果表明 ,矿床的主成矿阶段的环境介质为酸性偏中性 ,富矿和贫矿石英的热发光曲线均为双峰型 ,但峰点温度、总积分强度有显著差异。碳酸盐类矿物的总体演化趋势为从富镁铁向富钙方向演化 ,碳酸盐热发光曲线的峰型和积分强度是判别成矿期和非成矿期碳酸盐的可信参数。     

颤蚓生物扰动对沉积物氮释放的影响

通过实验室模拟沉积物中颤蚓生物扰动过程,研究了生物扰动对沉积物TN释放的影响,并探讨了温度、pH和DO对颤蚓生物扰动作用下TN释放过程的影响.结果表明,颤蚓生物扰动能促进沉积物TN释放,且促进效果随颤蚓密度的增加而提高.适当地提高温度有助于颤蚓快速生长,提高生物扰动对TN释放的促进效果,温度由15℃提高到25℃,上覆水...     

长株潭地区秋冬季环境空气质量分析及与气象参数的关联性研究

以湖南省长株潭3市为研究区域,分析其在2013年第4季度的城市环境空气质量状况,并与上年同期进行对比,同时研究PM_2.5质量浓度和AQI值与气象参数的相关性。结果表明,PM₁₀和PM_2.5是长株潭3市的主要大气污染物;2013年第4季度中,长株潭3市在11月份的空气质量最好;总体上,3市中,湘潭市的空气质量最差,而3市2013年第4季度的环境空气质量较上年同期明显下降,复合污染特征越来越明显。PM_2.5质量浓度和AQI值与气象参数都有一定的相关性,尤其是与能见度显著负相关,与风速、湿度和气压微弱负相关,而与温度微弱正相关。与上年同期相比,长株潭3市在2013年第4季度的气温偏高,湿度较小,平均风速小,气象条件不利于大气污染物扩散。因此,尽管3市的污染治理力度大,减排成效明显,但城市环境空气质量反而较上年同期下降。在大气环境容量基本利用殆尽的情况下,不利气象条件随时可能直接诱发严重的大气污染问题。