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141.
142.
城市环境美是自然美与人工美的结合。它的主要组成因素有:自然景观、城市建筑艺术、人文景观、环境气氛美和社会服务好。本文系统论述了城市环境美的基本因素及其美学特征,还介绍了评价城市环境美的科学方法。 相似文献
143.
医院污水深度(中水)处理工程实例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选用先进的纤维过滤手段解决悬浮的SS的彻底净化问题,该技术的特点是过滤材料特制高分子纤维,采用压缩空纤维间空隙实现过滤,疏松纤维间空隙实现反冲洗,所以效率高、滤速大、占地小、滤料轻、寿命长、反冲洗时间短,出水水质佳.来自污水处理站达标排放水流入储存池暂存,用泵将其提升打入一级PCF滤罐进一步去除水中SS,再由一级PCF进入生物活性炭反应器进一步去除可溶性有机物质,水再由活性炭反应器流入二级PCF滤罐进一步去除由生物活性炭反应器排出的SS(含细微炭粉),最后将由臭氧发生器排出的臭氧吸入污水中再共同进入接触罐中用臭氧消毒水质乙全部达到中水要求.每年节约自来水费用10.46万元. 相似文献
144.
Application of rare-earth elements in the agriculture of China and its environmental behavior in soil 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Rare-earth elements (REEs) have been used in fertilizers in the agriculture of China for about 20 years. They have been shown to be beneficial elements for plants. For example, they have improved the yield and quality for several kinds of crops. This paper reviews the current literature on studies of REEs being used as fertilizers. Some studies have focused on the effects of REEs on metabolic nutrients, photosynthesis and stress resistance of plants. Other studies have shown that the environmental behaviors of REEs in soil are dominated by their low solubility. Fluorides, carbonates, phosphates and hydroxides may form neutral complexes containing REEs with a low solubility. The amount of extraneous REEs demonstrate the following relationship: residual > bound to organic matter > bound to Fe-Mn oxides > bound to carbonate > exchangeable and water soluble forms. The adsorption capacity of REEs depends on the clay type and the content of amorphous and manganese oxides, whereas the desorption of REEs is usually very low. At the end of the paper, authors discuss the needs for future environmental research on REEs, which would shed new light on the effects of REEs on agriculture, environment and human health. 相似文献
145.
小球藻对水中有机酸类稀土配合物的富集 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
通过MINTEQA2程序研究了稀土有机酸类配合物在小球藻中的生物富集作用,结果表明:富集作用可用表面配合模型(SurfaceCoordinationModel)来解释,对同一稀土而言,其富集能力的大小与其有机酸1:1配合物的稳定常数呈负相关,稀土一EDTA,NTA〉Citrate,Tartrate的配合物在小球藻中的富集能力小于相应的稀土离子,而稀土而与Acetate的配合物要大于相应的稀土离子。 相似文献
146.
不同地区针叶林土壤中活性铝的形态比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究我国南北某些地区针叶林土壤中活性铝的形态分布,探讨了以羊毛铬菁R为显色剂测定活性铝的流动注射分析方法,并用四种化学浸提液作土壤中活性铝的溶出及形态分离。结果表明:土壤本身的酸度对铝的溶出和形态分布有明显影响。 相似文献
147.
148.
Filtration of Bacillus subtilis spores and the F-RNA phage MS2 (MS2) on a field scale in a coarse alluvial gravel aquifer was evaluated from the authors' previously published data. An advection-dispersion model that is coupled with first-order attachment kinetics was used in this study to interpret microbial concentration vs. time breakthrough curves (BTC) at sampling wells. Based on attachment rates (katt) that were determined by applying the model to the breakthrough data, filter factors (f) were calculated and compared with f values estimated from the slopes of log (cmax/co) vs. distance plots. These two independent approaches resulted in nearly identical filter factors, suggesting that both approaches are useful in determining reductions in microbial concentrations over transport distance. Applying the graphic approach to analyse spatial data, we have also estimated the f values for different aquifers using information provided by some other published field studies. The results show that values of f, in units of log (cmax/co) m(-1), are consistently in the order of 10(-2) for clean coarse gravel aquifers, 10(-3) for contaminated coarse gravel aquifers, and generally 10(-1) for sandy fine gravel aquifers and river and coastal sand aquifers. For each aquifer category, the f values for bacteriophages and bacteria are in the same order-of-magnitude. The f values estimated in this study indicate that for every one-log reduction in microbial concentration in groundwater, it requires a few tens of meters of travel in clean coarse gravel aquifers, but a few hundreds of meters in contaminated coarse gravel aquifers. In contrast, a one-log reduction generally only requires a few meters of travel in sandy fine gravel aquifers and sand aquifers. Considering the highest concentration in human effluent is in the order of 10(4) pfu/l for enteroviruses and 10(6) cfu/100 ml for faecal coliform bacteria, a 7-log reduction in microbial concentration would comply with the drinking water standards for the downgradient wells under natural gradient conditions. Based on the results of this study, a 7-log reduction would require 125-280 m travel in clean coarse gravel aquifers, 1.7-3.9 km travel in contaminated coarse gravel aquifers, 33-61 m travel in clean sandy fine gravel aquifers, 33-129 m travel in contaminated sandy fine gravel aquifers, and 37-44 m travel in contaminated river and coastal sand aquifers. These recommended setback distances are for a worst-case scenario, assuming direct discharge of raw effluent into the saturated zone of an aquifer. Filtration theory was applied to calculate collision efficiency (alpha) from model-derived attachment rates (katt), and the results are compared with those reported in the literature. The calculated alpha values vary by two orders-of-magnitude, depending on whether collision efficiency is estimated from the effective particle size (d10) or the mean particle size (d50). Collision efficiency values for MS-2 are similar to those previously reported in the literature (e.g. ) [DeBorde, D.C., Woessner, W.W., Kiley, QT., Ball, P., 1999. Rapid transport of viruses in a floodplain aquifer. Water Res. 33 (10), 2229-2238]. However, the collision efficiency values calculated for Bacillus subtilis spores were unrealistic, suggesting that filtration theory is not appropriate for theoretically estimating filtration capacity for poorly sorted coarse gravel aquifer media. This is not surprising, as filtration theory was developed for uniform sand filters and does not consider particle size distribution. Thus, we do not recommend the use of filtration theory to estimate the filter factor or setback distances. Either of the methods applied in this work (BTC or concentration vs. distance analyses), which takes into account aquifer heterogeneities and site-specific conditions, appear to be most useful in determining filter factors and setback distances. 相似文献
149.
从定性和绝对定量角度对济阳坳陷牛庄洼陷南斜坡原油、烃源岩可溶物烃类组成进行了详细剖析 ,重点从定性和定量角度对该区“未熟 低熟油”的成熟度进行了讨论。结果表明 ,依据最新确认的未熟 低熟油界定标准 ,牛庄洼陷南斜坡八面河等油田原油的定量成熟度参数已达到成熟油的范畴 ;标样定量分析表明 ,原油中粪甾烷、13α ,14α三环萜烷等热稳定性低的生物标志物绝对丰度极低 ;原油C2 9甾烷ααα2 0S/ (S +R)的实际值高于测定值 ,未熟 低熟烃类的混入是导致原油甾烷异构化参数值大幅度降低和热稳定性低化合物检出的根本原因。定性和绝对定量的结合是识别原油成熟度高低的可靠途径 相似文献
150.
组合工艺处理高浓度酚醛废水的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
针对绝缘材料厂酚醛树脂生产废水高酚高醛的水质特点,研究了二次缩合-化学氧化-粉煤灰吸附组合处理工艺。结果表明,经该工艺处理后不仅出水酚含量可降至0.3mg/L以下,CODCr10.2mg/L左右,各项水质指标均达到了GB8978—96污水综合排放一级标准,同时还可回收一定数量的树脂。 相似文献