A laboratory study of bacteria-facilitated cadmium transport in alluvial gravel aquifer media

Colloids, including bacteria, can dramatically accelerate the transport of heavy metals in ground water. Batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate adsorption of cadmium (Cd) onto Bacillus subtilis spores or Escherichia coli vegetative cells and Cd transport in alluvial gravel aquifer media in the presence of these bacteria. Results of the batch experiments showed that adsorption of Cd onto the bacteria was (i) positively related to solution pH, bacterial concentration, and negative surface charge, but inversely related to Cd concentration and (ii) a rate-limited nonlinear process, but adsorption onto E. coli was much less. For column influent Cd concentrations of about 4 mg/L and bacterial concentrations of > or = 10(5) colony-forming units (cfu)/mL, there was a significant increase in total Cd effluent concentrations. In comparison with controls that did not have bacteria-facilitated transport, Cd traveled 17 to 20 times faster when it traveled with mobile bacteria. However, Cd traveled mostly 2 to 3 times slower during the desorption phase under the influence of bacteria retained in the column. The difference between total and dissolved Cd concentrations was significant during Cd cotransport with B. subtilis spores, but this concentration difference was very small during Cd cotransport with E. coli, suggesting an adsorption-dominant mechanism during Cd cotransport with the spores and the possibility of Cd chelation by the dissolved membrane vesicles secreted from E. coli cell walls. Bacteria-facilitated transport of heavy metals may pose a threat to ground water quality in sites such as landfills and following land disposal of industrial and domestic effluent and sludge.     

废硫酸及含硫酸废水的治理

总结了近年来国内外废硫酸和含硫酸废的水的各种治理与资源化方法,并把这些方法归纳为回收再用,综合利用和中和处理３大类,着重介绍了废硫酸的回收再用方法。     

机械故障诱发的轧机着火原因分析与预防

结合生产系统的防火状况，利用科学的统计归类分析方法，系统地分析机械故障诱发轧机着火的原因，同时寻找出合理的预防措施，减少火灾的危害。     

地震勘探作业过程中环境保护措施分析

文章对目前国内地震勘探作业过程中的环境保护措施现状进行了分析,并对照部分国外石油公司的作法和IAGC及国家《清洁生产促进法》的要求寻找差距,再结合国内的实际情况提出了对地震勘探作业环境保护措施的建议,同时为国内物探行业开拓国际市场,树立绿色施工、文明施工、清洁施工的良好企业形象提供了有益的参考。     

在地震勘探作业中实施"绿色勘探"

根据国家和中国石油天然气集团公司有关清洁发展、环境保护的要求,结合地震勘探生产作业的特点和实际情况,提出在地震勘探作业中实施绿色勘探需要开展的主要工作,以及完成这些工作所要具备的必要条件.     

浊度去除率在城市污水处理工程调试中的应用实践

某城镇污水处理厂采用水解酸化+BAF为主要工艺处理污水,处理量0.5万m3/d,进水水质COD≤500 mg/l、BOD5≤220mg/l、SS≤350 mg/l、NH3-N≤15 mg/l、总氮≤35 mg/l、总磷≤4.0 mg/l。出水标准(GB18918—2002)一级A标准,即COD≤50 mg/l、BOD≤10mg/l、SS≤10 mg/l、动植物≤1 mg/l、石油类≤1 mg/l、NH3-N≤5 mg/l、总氮≤15 mg/l。调试过程中采用控水周期法,同时应用浊度快速核算COD值,指导调试运行,根据水质的浊度与COD之间的关系,确定以浊度去除率作为主要工艺控制参数,具有操作方便、直观、及时变换工艺条件,保证调试的效果,及时发现异常,快速处理,具有良好的使用前景。     

Optimization of an in vitro method to measure the bioaccessibility of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in dust using response surface methodology

To more reasonably evaluate human intake of PBDEs via dust ingestion, bioaccessibility should be taken into account. Previously, we developed an in vitro method to determine the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in food. Here, this method was adapted to determine the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in dust and the digestion conditions that influenced the bioaccessibility of PBDEs were optimized. The digestion conditions included the incubation time of dust in the intestinal digestion solution (T), the bile concentration in the intestinal digestion solution (C_bile), and the ratio of the volume of the intestinal digestion solution to dust (R). The influence of the concentrations of individual PBDE congeners (C_PBDE) on the bioaccessibility of PBDEs was also investigated. Central composite design was used to build an experimental model and set experimental parameters, and response surface methodology was used to analyze the obtained data. The results showed that the bioaccessibility of PBDEs increased with the increases of C_bile and R, and was independent of T and C_PBDE. Under the digestion conditions with C_bile and R being at 4.0-7.0 g/L and 150-250, respectively, the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in the method-dust varied from 39.2% to 72.8%, which were comparable with the bioaccessibility or bioavailability of PBDEs in dust/soil in the literature. Thus, the in vitro method to measure the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in dust was established and validated. Finally, the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in four natural dust samples, which ranged from 36.1% to 43.3%, were determined using the adapted method.     

虚拟仪器在矿山安全设备监控中的应用

本文在介绍了虚拟仪器概念、构成和特点的基础上,基于虚拟仪器及其Lab VIEW软件平台针对矿井提升机监控系统提出了一种新的解决方案.与传统监控系统相比,此方案具有开发时间短,执行效率高,可移植性好以及简单易学、容易掌握等特点,可广泛应用于矿井监控体系中.     

Photocatalytic decomposition of acrylonitrile with N–F codoped TiO2/SiO2 under simulant solar light irradiation

The solid acid catalyst, N–F codoped TiO₂/SiO₂ composite oxide was prepared by a sol–gel method using NH₄F as nitrogen and fluorine source. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis), ammonia adsorption and temperature-programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD), in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and N₂ physical adsorption isotherm. The photocatalytic activity of the catalyst for acrylonitrile degradation was investigated under simulant solar irradiation. The results showed that strong Lewis and Brønsted acid sites appear on the surface of the sample after N–F doping. Systematic investigation showed that the highest photocatalytic activity for acrylonitrile degradation was obtained for samples calcined at 450°C with molar ratio (NH₄F to Ti) of 0.8. The degradation ratio of 71.5% was achieved with the prepared catalyst after 6-min irradiation, demonstrating the effectiveness of photocatalytic degradation of acrylonitrile with N–F codoped TiO₂/SiO₂ composite oxide. The photocatalyst is promising for application under solar light irradiation. Moreover, the intermediates generated after irradiation were verified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis and UV–Vis spectroscopy to be simple organic acids with lower toxicity, and the degradation pathway was also proposed for acrylonitrile degradation with the prepared catalyst.     

地形对中国气温季节分布格局的差异影响

利用中国气象中心160台站的长期观测资料,分析发现中圜气温的空间分布格局的存在着巨大的季节差异:在冬季,等温线基本上与纬线平行;在夏季,等温线形成一个个闭合高温或低温中心.同时,这些高温中心都足以负地形地区为中心分布,而低温分布是以正地形地区为中心.可见,我国冬夏季节的气温分布格局是由不同的控制机制决定的:冬季气温分布格局主要由纬度控制,夏季气温分布格局主要南地形控制.