海绵铁还原耦合活性炭吸附-微波再生技术降解甲基橙

采用海绵铁(s-Fe0)还原耦合活性炭(GAC)吸附-微波(MW)再生技术降解甲基橙(MO)溶液,重点考察了s-Fe0投加量、粒径、微波功率等因素对MO去除效果的影响。结果表明,s-Fe0投加剂量为15.0 g/L、粒径为3～5 mm、超声波功率为200 W,反应1 h,MO的去除率为94.2%。其次,采用GAC吸附-MW再生技术(800 W,照射1 min)循环处理上述脱色后的MO废水。结果表明,GAC吸附可有效降低废水的生物毒性及残留的染料、TOC和总铁离子浓度,且MW辐射可有效再生吸附饱和的GAC颗粒。因此,s-Fe0还原耦合GAC吸附-MW再生技术可以有效降解MO染料,具有处理效果好、实现资源循环利用等优点。     

广州市白云人工湖生态修复工程设计

广州市白云湖是广州市最大的人工生态服务湖泊,通过对白云湖生态修复工程进行设计,采用了炭素纤维生态草、微纳米气泡发生装置及纯氧发生器和人工干预与生物处理相结合生态浮床等环保新技术对白云湖水体进行综合生态修复,并对白云湖水质进行跟踪监测。结果显示,白云湖水质提升工程实施之后,白云湖各项水质指标都有一定的改善。白云湖生态修复工程的设计经验对于类似人工水体的水质改善和生态修复工程建设具有参考意义。     

浊度与微生物指标在污水再生处理系统中的去除特性及相关性

本研究考察了污水再生处理系统对颗粒物(包括浊度和粒径分布)和微生物指标(包括隐孢子虫、贾第鞭毛虫、粪大肠菌群和SC噬菌体)的去除特性以及不同指标间的相关关系。研究结果表明,污水再生处理系统对浊度的平均去除率为3.53-log,其中二级生化处理及砂滤对浊度的去除率较高,分别为1.52-log和1.35-log。粒径分析结果表明,絮凝沉淀后粒径均值达到最大值223.2μm;而再生水中粒径均值最小,仅为5.8μm。污水再生处理系统对各微生物指标的去除率为2.96-log~4.11-log。各处理单元中,二级生化处理单元对粪大肠菌群和SC噬菌体的去除率较高,分别为2.81-log及2.14-log;而砂滤对SC噬菌体去除效果较差,仅为0.18-log。从再生处理工艺整体上看,水样浊度、粪大肠菌群、SC噬菌体和两虫浓度具有显著相关性。而对于单个取样点,除污水厂进水中SC噬菌体和两虫浓度表现出一定相关性外,其他情况下各指标与两虫浓度间均无显著相关关系。     

两种填埋结构中氨氮的空间变化规律研究

依据准好氧填埋和厌氧填埋的原理,构建了准好氧和厌氧填埋的实验室模拟装置,研究了2种填埋结构渗滤液中氨氮的空间分布规律。结果表明,准好氧填埋结构3层渗滤液中氨氮浓度都呈不断稳定下降的趋势,29周时上层、中层和下层渗滤液中氨氮浓度分别从填埋初的931.8、1796和3019 mg/L下降到25.6、328.9和820.1 mg/L;厌氧填埋结构3层渗滤液中氨氮浓度下降趋势不明显且波动性较大。准好氧填埋与厌氧填埋结构渗滤液中氨氮浓度表现出明显的空间层次效应,为下层>中层>上层。     

自动进样气相色谱法测定气体中的非甲烷烃

用泰德拉气体采样袋采样,自动进样气相色谱法测定气体中的非甲烷烃含量。甲烷、总烃的线性范围分别为0～2439,0—2066mg／m^3。进样量为1mL时,检出限为0．02mg／m^3（信噪比为3）。对3种不同浓度甲烷与丙烷混合标准气进行测定,重复性相对标准偏差为0．4％-1．0％。对4种不同性质的试样进行加标回收实验,加标回收率为96．7％-102．0％。5名实验人员分别用自动进样法及手动进样法分析4种不同性质的试样,自动进样法的重现性相对标准偏差为1．2％～1．8％,优于手动进样法的6．5％～8．3％。该法可一次连续测定21个试样,精密度高、重现性好、分析效率高。     

微气泡曝气O3／H2O2处理RO浓水的效能及影响因素

采用O3／H2O2高级氧化工艺处理炼油厂反渗透（RO）浓水,用溶气泵加压溶气并产生微气泡强化传质,确定装置运行条件,考察气体中臭氧浓度、O3／H2O2初始摩尔比、pH和温度对O3／H2O2处理RO浓水效果的影响,并对RO浓水处理效能进行研究。结果表明,随着气体中臭氧浓度的增加,COD的去除率基本呈线性增加;加入适当量H,0,能提高臭氧氧化RO浓水的效果,O3／H2O2初始摩尔比在0～0．8范围内,COD的去除率先增加后下降,O3／H2O2初始摩尔比为O．5时COD去除率最大;pH从6．84增加到9．01,COD去除率逐渐增大,pH为10．03时COD去除率反而降低;在14～28℃范围内,温度低时,升高温度COD去除率增加较大,温度较高时,升高温度对COD去除率的影响较小。为考察该工艺的稳定性,在H：0：／0,初始摩尔比为O．5、溶液pH为8～9、臭氧浓度为80～100mg／L、温度为10-28℃条件下,对COD为90～140mg／L的RO浓水氧化处理4～10h,出水COD维持在39．9～49．9mg／L,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准（GB18918—2002）》中的一级A标准;去除1gCOD消耗031．4～3．3g,消耗0,与H,02的总氧量为2．2～4．4g。     

Enhanced deodorization and sludge reduction in situ by a humus soil cooperated anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) wastewater treatment system

Simultaneous sludge reduction and malodor abatement in humus soil cooperated an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) wastewater treatment were investigated in this study. The HSR-A2O was composed of a humus soil reactor (HSR) and a conventional A2O (designated as C-A2O).The results showed that adding HSR did not deteriorate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, while total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency in HSR-A2O was improved by 18 % in comparison with that in the C-A2O. Both processes had good performance on total nitrogen (TN) removal, and there was no significant difference between them (76.8 and 77.1 %, respectively). However, NH₄ ⁺–N and NO₃ ^?–N were reduced to 0.3 and 6.7 mg/L in HSR-A2O compared to 1.5 and 4.5 mg/L. Moreover, adding HSR induced the sludge reduction, and the sludge production rate was lower than that in the C-A2O. The observed sludge yield was estimated to be 0.32 kg MLSS/day in HSR-A2O, which represent a 33.5 % reduction compared to a C-A2O process. Activated sludge underwent humification and produced more humic acid in HSR-A2O, which is beneficial to sludge reduction. Odor abatement was achieved in HSR-A2O, ammonium (NH₃), and sulfuretted hydrogen (H₂S) emission decreased from 1.34 and 1.33 to 0.06 mg/m³, 0.025 mg/m³ in anaerobic area, with the corresponding reduction efficiency of 95.5 and 98.1 %. Microbial community analysis revealed that the relevant microorganism enrichment explained the reduction effect of humus soil on NH₃ and H₂S emission. The whole study demonstrated that humus soil enhanced odor abatement and sludge reduction in situ.     

Spatiotemporal distribution of water environmental capacity—a case study on the western areas of Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province,China

Currently, the poor water quality in Taihu Lake is a major problem in China, so pollution control in the upstream areas has become a government priority. In Jiangsu Province, pollution emissions around the western areas of Taihu Lake, including Changzhou Municipality and Yixing City, need to be highly restricted, and calculating the water environmental capacity is important if pollution is to be reduced. In this study, 19 control units in these areas were established, and a 0-D mathematical model was used to calculate the water environmental capacity. For three important control units with important cross sections, a 1-D model was established to redress the results. Finally, the total maximum monthly loads of each control unit were obtained using temporal allocation principles. The results suggested that (1) the total pollution control of chemical oxygen demand was 58,894.2 tonnes per annum (t a^?1), with ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus amounting to 3,808, 6,054.6, and 386.6 t a^?1, respectively; (2) water environmental capacity per unit water area in the ambient control units was smaller than that in the middle control units; and (3) the largest water environmental capacity was in June, and the smallest capacity was in December. The study provides important information for local governments, which will enable them to implement pollution control strategies that will improve the water quality in Taihu Lake.