巯基化合物存在下无机汞的光化学甲基化

本文研究了在巯基化合物L-半胱氨酸、硫代乙醇酸存在下醋酸水溶液中无机汞的光化学甲基化过程.结果表明巯基化合物对汞的甲基化具有明显的增强作用并在此过程中起光敏剂的作用.     

黄杆菌P3-2的分离及降解有机磷农药的某些性质

本文介绍从农药污染严重的棉田土中分离得一株降解对硫磷能力较强的黄杆菌P3-2.该菌还可降解杀螟松、甲基对硫磷和水胺硫磷等有机磷农药.其性能稳定,在4℃下保存30天降解能力变化不大,降解对硫磷的最适pH值为8.0.最适温度为45℃.金属络合剂如邻菲罗啉等对降解能力有明显的抑制作用,铜离子有显著的激活作用,低浓度的某些有机溶剂没有抑制作用.用对硫磷作唯一碳源培养的3g湿菌体经琼脂固化后,每小时降解该农药约64mg.     

UASB、SR、CASS法处理淀粉生产高浓度废水

淀粉生产显酸性 ,当SO- 23 和SO- 24的含量分别超过 2 0 0 -30 0mg/L时 ,就会对甲烷菌产生抑制作用 ,影响厌氧生物效果。本文就采用UASB、SR、CASS生物脱硫技术治理淀粉生产废水 ,提高UASB的处理能力作扼要介绍。     

DEHP在土壤和白菜中的残留及毒性分析

用聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）塑膜覆盖白菜地，收获期土壤和白菜植株中ＤＥＨＰ的残留量分别为２．７３ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１和３．０５ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１。借鉴国外的评价指标，对人体食用白菜后的潜在危害进行了分析认为，人每天摄入干白菜中ＤＥＨＰ的量〈０．０５ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１，远低于人每天可接受ＤＥＨＰ的安全摄入量１ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１。     

用于干式脱污的CaO蒸汽活化实验研究

利用小型活化转炉实验台对以CaO为主要成分的钙基脱污剂在300～650℃的温度范围内进行蒸汽活化处理,结合X射线衍射和压汞仪的分析结果,初步探讨了蒸汽活化的机理.研究表明,蒸汽活化温度在600℃以上时,脱污剂孔隙结构有显著的改善,比孔容积和比表面积有着显著的增加,微孔（＜100nm）的数量大量增加,而低温下蒸汽活化的效果不是十分明显;研究还发现高温下延长活化时间有利于改善脱污剂的孔隙结构.     

Effect of pore-water velocity on chemical nonequilibrium transport of Cd,Zn, and Pb in alluvial gravel columns

This paper investigates the effects of pore-water velocity on chemical nonequilibrium during transport of Cd, Zn, and Pb through alluvial gravel columns. Three pore-water velocities ranging from 3 to 60 m/day were applied to triplicate columns for each metal. Model results for the symmetric breakthrough curves (BTCs) of tritium (3H2O) data suggest that physical nonequilibrium components were absent in the uniformly packed columns used in these studies. As a result, values of pore-water velocity and dispersion coefficient were estimated from fitting 3H2O BTCs to an equilibrium model. The BTCs of metals display long tailing, indicating presence of chemical nonequilibrium in the system, which was further supported by the decreased metal concentrations during flow interruption. The BTCs of the metals were analysed using a two-site model, and transport parameters were derived using the CXTFIT curve-fitting program. The model results indicate that the partitioning coefficient (beta), forward rate (k1), and backward rate (k2) are positively correlated with pore-water velocity (V); while the retardation factor (R), mass transfer coefficient ((omega), and ratio of k1/k2 are inversely correlated with V. There is no apparent relationship between the fraction of exchange sites at equilibrium (f) and V. The influence of Von k2 is much greater than on R, beta, omega, and k1. A one-order-of-magnitude change in V would cause a two-order-of-magnitude change in k2 while resulting in only a one order-of-magnitude change in R, beta, omega, and k1. The forward rates for the metals are found to be two to three orders-of-magnitude greater than the corresponding backward rate. However, the difference between the two rates reduces with increasing pore-water velocity. Model results also suggest that Cd and Zn behave similarly, while Pb is much more strongly sorbed. At input concentrations of about 4 mg/l and pore-water velocities of 3-60 m/day in the groundwater within alluvial gravel, this study suggests retardation factors of 26-289 for Cd, 24-255 for Zn, and 322-6377 for Pb.     

微生物制剂在城市湖泊水体生物修复中的作用

利用微生物对富营养化的城市湖泊水体进行生物修复，使水中的污染物降解成H2O、CO2或转化成无害物质。研究表明，该微生物制剂对去除水体中的有机物、叶绿素a、氨氮和提高溶解氧等均有显著效果。为节省运输费用及延长菌液保存期，本试验用惰性粒子流化床对生物制剂进行干燥，固体菌粉末不失活性。     

Solutions and verification of a scale-dependent dispersion model

In this paper, analytical solutions are derived for a one-dimensional scale-dependent dispersion model (SDM), considering linear equilibrium sorption and first-order degradation for continuous and pulse contaminant sources, with a constant input concentration in a semi-infinite uniform porous medium. In the SDM model, dispersivity alpha(x) is replaced with a constant epsilon multiplied by the transport distance x. The solution for a pulse source is verified experimentally in the analysis of tritium data obtained from an 8-m-long homogenous pea-gravel column with multiple sampling locations, and the results are compared with those analysed by a commonly used solution of a constant dispersion model (CDM). The SDM predicts concentrations satisfactorily at all sampling locations, while the CDM fits the experimental data well for only one location. Both models are then calibrated for each individual concentration breakthrough curve, using local values for either epsilon in the SDM or alpha(x) in the CDM. Both models give equally good fits for appropriate choices of individual epsilon and alpha(x) values, and both indicate a linear increase in alpha(x) with distance. The epsilon values tend to change little as x increases and are expected to approach a constant at relatively large distances downstream. Hence, predictions from the SDM should become more accurate as x increases.     

Semi-volatile species in PM2.5: comparison of integrated and continuous samplers for PM2.5 research or monitoring

Fine particles in urban atmospheres contain substantial quantities of semi-volatile material [e.g., NH4NO3 and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs)] that are lost from particles during collection on a filter. Several diffusion denuder samplers have been developed for the determination of both NO3- and organic semi-volatile fine particulate components. The combination of technology used in the BOSS diffusion denuder sampler and the Harvard particle concentrator has resulted in the Particle Concentrator-Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System (PC-BOSS) for the 24-hr (or less) integrated collection of PM2.5, including NH4NO3 and semi-volatile organic material. Modification of the BOSS sampler allows for the weekly determination of these same species. Combination of BOSS denuder and tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) monitor technology has resulted in the real-time ambient mass sampler (RAMS) for the continuous measurement of PM2.5, including the semi-volatile components. Comparison of the results obtained with the BOSS and with each of the newly developed modifications of the BOSS indicates that the modified versions can be used for the continuous, daily, or weekly monitoring of PM2.5, including semi-volatile species, as appropriate to the design of each sampler.     

装配式建筑的精装修对室内环境污染的影响研究

装配式建筑精装修可能会应用甲醛、苯、氡气、氨气和TVOC等大量有害物质,从而产生空气污染、光污染、噪声污染、水污染等,严重影响室内环境,危害人体健康,虽然国家下发相关条例,效果并不显著。对装配式建筑精装修如何污染室内环境进行研究,分别分析了甲醛、苯、氡气、氨气和TVOC这些装修材料的危害能力、对室内环境的污染能力以及对人体健康的损害,通过研究发现装修材料会造成严重污染,必须要加以重视,采取一定措施治理,营造出一个舒适的生活环境。