Understanding the social impacts of enforcement activities on illegal wildlife trade in China

Illegal wildlife trade enforcement is a cornerstone conservation strategy worldwide, yet we have a limited understanding on its social impacts. Using Chinese online wildlife seizure news (2003–2018), we evaluated the interactions among enforcement operations, news frequency, and social engagement (i.e., whistle-blowing) frequency. Our results showed that intensive enforcement operations, which commenced after 2012, have social impacts by increasing the frequency of all seizure news significantly by 28% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 5%, 51%] and those via whistle-blowing by 24% [95% CI: 2%, 45%], when compared to counterfactual models where possible confounding factors were accounted for. Furthermore, we revealed the potential interaction between enforcement seizure news with and without social engagement, and the consequential social feedback process. Of the species identified from ‘whistle-blowing’ news, up to 28% are considered as high conservation priorities. Overall, we expanded our understanding of the enforcement impacts to social dimensions, which could contribute to improving the cost-effectiveness of such conservation efforts.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01686-9.     

农田氮素流失对水环境污染及防治研究进展

氮是造成水体富营养化的主要元素之一，农田氮素流失是水环境氮污染的主要来源。文章从农田氮素对水环境污染途径、氮污染控制模型、污染控制措施等方面对当前国内外水环境氮污染防治进行概述。综合国内外农田氮流失污染防治措施的成功经验提出：加强农田养分管理，利用平衡施肥技术，推广施用控释、缓释肥料，改进施肥方式，从污染源头控制和减少氮素流失；同时，充分利用生态工程技术，建立人工湿地、植被过滤带、多水塘系统，改变或切断氮污染物的传播途径是控制农田氮素对水环境污染的有效措施。     

MBR中影响同步硝化反硝化的生态因子

研究了DO、C/N、pH等生态因子对膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化的影响.结果表明,只有在各生态因子保持得当的条件下,同步硝化反硝化才能顺利地进行.DO为1mg/L左右、C/N比为30左右、进水pH值约7.2左右时COD、NH₄⁺、TN的去除率分别为96%、95%和92%.     

粘胶基活性炭纤维的脱硫性能

以糠醛渣活性炭 (GAC)为比较对象研究了粘胶基活性炭纤维 (ACF)对“SO2 O2 N2 ”体系和“SO2 O2 H2 O(g) N2 ”体系的动态脱硫性能。另外 ,通过脱硫后样品浸泡液分析发现ACF的浸出率达 80 %以上 ,而GAC仅为 2 0 %左右。实验结果表明 ,和GAC相比ACF的脱硫性能更加优良 ,水洗再生能力尤为突出。     

济南市北沙河水环境综合整治研究

通过对济南市北沙河污染与生态破坏的原因进行分析,在将北沙河流域作为一个生态系统进行考虑的基础上,通过对北沙河林木生态系统、地下水和地表水的水质保护、地表水强烈渗漏、补给地下水功能以及河岸带湿地保护措施,提出了实施北沙河水环境综合整治,实现水体水质良好、生态功能完善的方案.     

河北省太阳能产业可持续发展对策研究

针对太阳能产业发展现状,找出河北省太阳能产业发展过程中存在的问题,如产业环节附加值低、产用不平衡、缺乏激励政策、存在技术难题和污染、运维管理跟不上等。借鉴国内外成功经验,从光热和光电平衡发展、加大科技投入、加强政策和机制建设、实施多元化模式、控制产业污染、培养专业的运维队伍等几方面提出河北省太阳能产业可持续发展的对策。     

SBR-BAF工艺处理效能的试验研究

根据生物除磷和脱氮的机理,污水的脱氮除磷存在基质竞争和泥龄等方面的矛盾。为了分析和解决这个问题,设计开发了一种新的污水生物处理工艺——SBR-BAF复合工艺,并以模拟城市生活污水为处理对象对该工艺的处理效能进行了考察。试验结果表明,系统对COD（不计BAF加入的外碳源）、TP、NH⁺₄-N和TN的平均去除率分别为96%、98%、93%和84%,出水中COD、TP、NH⁺₄-N和TN的平均浓度分别为20、0.23、3.24和7.68 mg/L,各项水质指标均达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002 ) 规定的一级标准中的A标准。     

微电解-混凝法处理抛光液废水

采用微电解-混凝处理抛光液废水,考察了铁水比、进水pH值、铁炭比、振荡时间对微电解处理效果的影响.通过单因素实验与正交实验找出了影响较大的因素,进水pH、铁水比、振荡时间都对去除率影响较大.最佳微电解条件为铁水比为0.375,进水pH为3,铁炭比为1∶1,振荡时间为150 min.同时,当混凝剂硫酸亚铁的投加量为160 mg/L、三氯化铁的投加量为20 mg/L时,COD去除率可达到83.8％,金属铜离子去除率可达到96％.     

人工湿地基质对 NH+4-N 吸附性能简

为研究建筑废物红砖和工业废物煤渣用作人工湿地脱氮基质的可行性,分别通过静态吸附实验和动态NH₄⁺-N去除效果实验进行考察。结果表明,红砖和煤渣对NH₄⁺-N最大静态吸附量分别为0.2533 mg/g和0.0533 mg/g,其吸附等温曲线均符合Freundlich型吸附方程,吸附常数分别为0.0419和0.0091;红砖煤渣组合对污水中NH₄⁺-N平均动态脱除率达到41.18%,高于红砖的37.63%和煤渣的30.92%。     

Pilot study on bromate reduction in ozonation of water with low carbonate alkalinities by carbon dioxide

A pilot study was carried out to explore the application of carbon dioxide for pH depression in a bubble column and its ability to inhibit bromate formation for water with a low alkalinity. Results showed that in the absence of ammonia, CO2 was capable of reducing bromate 38.0%–65.4% with one-unit pH depression. CO2 caused a slightly lower bromate reduction (4.2%) than did H2SO4 when the pH was depressed to 7.4, and a more a pronounced lower reduction (8.8%) when the pH was depressed to 6.9. In the presence of 0.20 mg/L-N ammonia, bromate was largely inhibited with 73.9% reduction. When the pH was depressed to 7.4, CO2 and H2SO4 showed an 11.3% and 23.5% bromate reduction respectively, demonstrating that the joint use of CO2 and ammonia might be a plausible strategy of blocking all three bromate formation pathways. CO2 could be applied through the aeration diffuser together with ozone gas, resulting in a similar bromate reduction compared with the premixing method through Venturi mixer.