典型污水处理厂对多环芳烃及其衍生物的去除及再生水健康风险研究

多环芳烃(PAHs)在水环境中可以通过化学或微生物作用转化成其衍生物(SPAHs),而SPAHs可能具有更强的毒性和"三致性"从而危害人体健康。为探明污水厂中PAHs和SPAHs的存在性及不同二级处理和再生水处理工艺对它们的去除效果,对北京及广东共4座污水处理厂中PAHs及SPAHs进行了检测,同时对再生水进行了健康风险评价。结果显示:从进水浓度来看,4座污水处理厂中,低环芳烃浓度(191.8~394.2 ng·L~(-1))明显高于高环芳烃(89.3~108.2 ng·L~(-1));SPAHs中氧取代物(OPAHs)总浓度(253.8~322.2 ng·L~(-1))高于甲基取代物(MPAHs,44.3~220.4 ng·L~(-1))。不同二级处理工艺对PAHs的去除率为43.7%~58.2%,对SPAHs的去除率为45.8%~52.1%。不同再生水处理工艺对PAHs和SPAHs去除率差别较大,PAHs的去除率范围为1.8%~41.1%,SPAHs的去除率范围在2.35%~25.9%。结果表明,目标物的去除以生物降解为主,此外,吸附在固体颗粒上,随颗粒沉淀去除也是主要途径之一。通过对污水厂再生水的风险评价,苯并[a]芘(BaP)和二苯并[a,h]蒽(DBA)2种强致癌物TEQ浓度均高于1,其致癌风险较大,安全性有待提高。     

电化学法用于微污染水脱氮处理实验

采用电化学方法,以轻度污染的温榆河河水为研究对象,考察了电化学方法对微污染地表水中氨氮的去除效果,探讨极板间距、反应时间以及板间电压对氨氮去除的影响。研究表明:反应时间为10min,板间距为1.0cm,板间电压为11V时,该方法对去除微污染水中氨氮有较好的处理效果,对氨氮的去除由原水的8～36mg/L降至2.4～11mg/L,去除率能达到70%以上,同时总氮的去除与氨氮去除呈现良好的相关性。     

污泥焚烧处理成本分析

为进一步降低污泥焚烧处理成本,先对污泥流化床焚烧处理作了简单的工艺分类与对比,并针对"自持焚烧"处理工艺,列出了较为详细的设备资金投入比重、直接运行成本和运行总成本,进而提出了推广该工艺技术降低成本的途径是对污泥进行预处理、提高设备国产化水平和开发应用多样化技术。     

Problems of Syrdarya river basin management

Prior to independence, Central Asian countries were closely interconnected through the regional management incorporating water, energy, and food sectors. This approach, supported by the central government of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), functioned effectively — meeting the needs of both upstream and downstream countries. However, after independence, Central Asian countries started prioritizing their own economic development policies without due account to regional concerns such as joint use of water resources, leading to instability. In this study, the case of Syrdarya basin was investigated to show how such strategies create tension in the region, since primary focus is given to national interests, without consideration for regional problems. To address this issue, an integrated approach to incorporating water, energy, and agriculture is needed. It is suggested that a single sector approach on water alone does not lead to stability, and a multi-sectoral approach is necessary to ensure sustainable development. Countries sharing benefits from the river have to be responsible for costs of operation and maintenance of the water facilities.     

水溶液中4-氯酚在光照下的矿化和聚合化

在光照条件下,４－氯酚溶液浓度随着光照时间的延长而降低,ＣＯ２的释放表明在４－氯酚光化学反应过程中存在矿化作用,通过光子相关光谱表征,确定反应体系存在聚合作用,聚合物具有荧光性。对反应体系进行ＵＶ、ＩＲ光谱表征,表明这一过程中存在腐殖化作用,有类腐殖质生成,聚合化与矿化相比较,前者是主要过程。     

可持续发展城市判定指标体系

对可持续发展城市指标体系进行了探讨,提出了真实储蓄率、多元综合指标、复合价值、可持续发展度的概念及模式。可持续发展城市指标值的确定是一个复杂的问题,要求具有完善信息的采集,完备的监测系统,建立必要的评价程序和制度。     

沉淀分离富集-电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱测定土壤中可溶态稀土元素

研究电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测定土壤中微量可溶态稀土元素的方法。在适宜的ｐＨ＝１０－１１条件下,以ＭｇＣｌ２为载体沉淀分离除去浸提液中的大部分基体杂质如Ｎａ＾＋,Ａｃ＾－,Ｃａ＾２＋,Ｍｇ＾２＋等,有效地消除了这些杂质的干扰,提高了测定方法的准确度;同时,待测可溶态稀土元素被沉淀集,样品中总稀土及单一稀土加标回收率为８８％－１１０％,样品测定结果满意,方法简便快速。     

膜生物反应器设计中工艺参数的探讨

膜生物反应器工艺中 ,系统构型、膜组件和生物反应器是中试设计中的关键因素。对工艺中的设计依据、构型、膜组件和有机负荷、污泥浓度、固体停留时间、水力停留时间等生物反应器的技术参数进行了探讨 ,为膜生物反应器中试设计提供了帮助     

煤矸石的综合利用现状

煤矸石是我国排放量最大的工业废渣之一 ,不仅占用大量农田和土地 ,而且严重污染环境。为了加强对煤矸石利用以使其资源化 ,对我国的煤矸石资源状况、我国煤矸石的综合利用技术研究的现状进行了综述 ,并对煤矸石资源化提出了一些设想。     

Knowledge domain and emerging trends of carbon footprint in the field of climate change and energy use: a bibliometric analysis

Carbon footprint (CF) research has attained tremendous popularity for improving the climate environment purposes. In particular, current energy use has been identified as the main cause of climate change. CF plays an irreplaceable role in managing energy use, reducing gas emissions, and improving climate change. The objective of this study was to review studies that have developed CF and to perform a bibliometric analysis using two key terms: “climate change” and “energy use”. From bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace and VOSviewer, it was possible to establish a knowledge map of cooperative network structure and research evolution. We are aiming to reveal the main logical chain of CF research leading to climate change, to make up for the lack of current literature, and provide research inspiration for researchers. The research findings mainly focus on four aspects. First, the relevant research began in 2008 and is in a state of continuous rise. Second, due to the law of research development and the prominence of practical problems, related research has experienced a stage from conceptual methods to specific problems. Third, China and the USA assume an important role in which international cooperation is the overall trend. Fourth, related research can be divided into CF algorithm research, ecological environment management research, and specific cross-industry fields. In addition, possible opportunities for change in related research are explored. It is also suggested that the integration of CF with other footprints, when energy use and environmental change are fully considered, may become an important future research trend by providing a more comprehensive environmental impact.