微囊化生物流化床处理邻二氯苯废水

采用海藻酸钠—壳聚糖—活性炭(SA-CA-PAC)生物微胶囊包埋优势降解菌用于生物流化床处理邻二氯苯废水。比较了微囊化菌和悬浮菌对废水的降解效果,同时考察了初始浓度、接种量、pH值、温度和曝气量对降解率的影响。结果表明,微囊化菌比悬浮菌拥有更适宜的生长环境,具有更好的pH稳定性和热稳定性。微囊化菌的降解效果优于悬浮菌,处理150 mg/L的邻二氯苯废水的最佳接种量为10%,最适pH为7.5,最适温度为30℃。     

聚合硫酸铁/高锰酸钾/二氧化氯组合工艺用于聚氯乙烯废水回收的工程化研究

采用聚合硫酸铁复配高锰酸钾混凝结合二氧化氯氧化的组合工艺成功解决了某厂聚氯乙烯生产废水回收工艺CODMn不达标问题。工程运行结果表明,当原水CODMn=30～48 mg/L,浊度=25～46 NTU时,在CFe=16.8 mg/L,CKMnO4=45 mg/L,CClO2=20 mg/L的条件下,出水CODMn<10 mg/L,浊度<0.5 NTU,达到工业循环补给水的水质要求。     

长江八里江江段的江豚种群数量与分布

长江八里江江段是长江江豚最为重要的栖息地之一。2005年7月至2008年5月,在八里江江段先后进行了10次截线抽样法考察,调查了该水域的江豚种群数量和分布情况。考察总航程1 460.2 km,发现江豚374群次。根据动物密度,将考察区域划分为上游水域（九江 湖口）和下游水域（湖口 三号洲洲头）,分别分析。分析结果显示,上下游水域的多次考察密度平均值分别为0.67头/km2（范围：0.10~1.28头/km2,〖WTBX〗s〖WTBZ〗=0.41）和1.75头/km2（范围：0.62~3.0头/km2,〖WTBX〗s〖WTBZ〗=0.72）,数量平均值分别37头（范围：5~71头,〖WTBX〗s 〖WTBZ〗=23）和52头（范围：22~78头,〖WTBX〗s 〖WTBZ〗=17）。八里江江段江豚常年平均数量约为90头,不同考察季节数量有所波动（范围：44~121头,〖WTBX〗s 〖WTBZ〗=24）。与历史考察对比分析显示八里江江段江豚仍处于下降趋势,但该研究未能在3年考察期内监测到统计学意义的种群变动情况。根据动物数量波动幅度和发生时间推测,江豚在汛期至汛末的过渡时期,可能存在一次规模为40头左右的动物迁出过程。面对日益严重的人类威胁,如挖沙、非法渔业、航运、污染和水面设施建设等,建议在该江段尽快建立江豚自然保护区     

固定化对氯苯酚降解菌在生物流化床中的降解特性

为了获得固定化对氯苯酚降解菌在生物流化床中的降解特性,用海藻酸钠-壳聚糖-活性炭微胶囊对实验室保存的对氯苯酚降解菌株进行固定化,在生物流化床中用固定化菌株在不同单因素实验条件下降解对氯苯酚废水,用气相色谱仪测定废水中对氯苯酚的降解率.结果表明,固定化对氯苯酚降解菌株处理污水的适宜条件为:HRT为72 h,微胶囊接种体积...     

高铁脱硫渣制备磷酸亚铁锂的研究

以高铁脱硫渣为原料,采用机械化学合成法,即高能球磨法制备出磷酸亚铁锂.分别研究了球磨过程中球料比、转速和高温灼烧过程中灼烧温度、时间对产物的影响.结果表明,适宜的条件为球料比为3、转速为650r/min下球磨6h后,氮气保护下700℃灼烧4 h,即可制得结晶性能良好、颗粒分布均匀、平均粒径为9.41μm的磷酸亚铁锂.     

分层式潜流人工湿地水力学特性数值模拟与分析

人工湿地水力学特征对其污染物去除过程有重要影响.采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT中的多孔介质模型对分层式潜流人工湿地内部的流场进行模拟,并分析了不同进出口位置对湿地水力学行为的影响.模拟结果表明,分层式潜流人工湿地基质层内部速度分布的差异较大,水流多从进口端的左半部汇人下部砾石层以大于3.69×10-4m/s的速度出流...     

1，2-二氯苯在3种基质中的吸附研究

采用平衡振荡法研究了1,2-二氯苯在3种人工湿地基质中的吸附情况。结果表明,1,2-二氯苯在12 h达到吸附平衡,可由Lagergren一级吸附动力学模型得出3种土壤的吸附速率常数分别为0.3338 h-1、0.2679 h-1和0.2537 h-1,壤土的吸附效果明显好于细砂、粗砂。30℃的吸附等温线既符合Freud...     

Microcalorimetric studies of perchlorate on heat production by hepatocytes and mitochondria isolated from Carassius auratus

As a new threat to environment all through the world, perchlorate (ClO(4)(-)) was predominantly a thyrotoxin, and its toxic manifestations in non-thyroid were also documented. However, little is known about the effects of ClO(4)(-) on cell and organelle. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of ClO(4)(-) on hepatocytes and mitochondria isolated from Carassius auratus from the direct viewpoint of energy by using the microcalorimetric method. The metabolic thermogenic curves of hepatocytes and mitochondria at 25°C were obtained. And the thermokinetic parameters, such as growth rate constant (k), inhibitory ratio (I), maximum thermal power (P(max)) and total thermal effect (Q(total)) have been calculated. The results indicated that the toxicity of ClO(4)(-) on hepatocytes was relevant to the concentration of ClO(4)(-). However, 10-100mgL(-1)ClO(4)(-) stimulated the metabolic activity of mitochondria and the toxicity of ClO(4)(-) on mitochondria only occurrenced when treated with higher concentration of ClO(4)(-). This study shown that mitochondria has a major impact on the metabolic thermogenic of hepatocytes, but not the only factor. Meanwhile, it demonstrated that microcalorimetry was a powerful tool for understanding biological processes and studying on the toxic action of environmental contaminants in cell or subcellular level.     

An empirical investigation of construction and demolition waste generation rates in Shenzhen city, South China

The construction and demolition waste generation rates (C&D WGRs) is an important factor in decision-making and management of material waste in any construction site. The present study investigated WGRs by conducting on-site waste sorting and weighing in four ongoing construction projects in Shenzhen city of South China. The results revealed that WGRs ranged from 3.275 to 8.791 kg/m² and miscellaneous waste, timber for formwork and falsework, and concrete were the three largest components amongst the generated waste. Based on the WGRs derived from the research, the paper also discussed the main causes of waste in the construction industry and attempted to connect waste generation with specific construction practices. It was recommended that measures mainly including performing waste sorting at source, employing skilful workers, uploading and storing materials properly, promoting waste management capacity, replacing current timber formwork with metal formwork and launching an incentive reward program to encourage waste reduction could be potential solutions to reducing current WGRs in Shenzhen. Although these results were derived from a relatively small sample and so cannot justifiably be generalized, they do however add to the body of knowledge that is currently available for understanding the status of the art of C&D waste management in China.